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51.
Shenghui Guo Wei Li Libo Zhang Jinhui Peng Hongying Xia Shiming Zhang 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2009,87(5):343-351
Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto a low cost adsorbent—the Eupatorium adenophorum spreng has been investigated to evaluate the effects of initial lead ion concentration, contact time, pH and temperature on the removal of Pb(II) systematically. The optimal pH value for Pb(II) adsorption onto the E. adenophorum spreng was found to be 5.0. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy (ΔH°), and standard entropy (ΔS°) were evaluated by applying the van’t Hoff equation, which describes the dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature. The thermodynamics of Pb(II) adsorption onto the E. adenophorum spreng indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures and the equilibrium data were found to fit Freundlich isotherm equation better than Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption was analyzed using pseudo-second-order kinetic models. 相似文献
52.
Investigation of potential interferences on the measurement of dissolved reactive phosphate using zirconium oxide-based DGT technique 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique based on hydrous zirconium oxide (Zr-oxide) has been recently developed for the measurement of dissolved reactive phosphate (DRP). In this study, the detailed performance of the DGT technique is reported. Spiking experiments revealed that several orthophosphate monoester compounds contributed to the Zr-oxide DGT measurements of DRP. However, such a phenomenon is unlikely to occur during field conditions due to the low concentration of organic P in typical natural waters. The presence of Cl- (up to 106 g/L), SO42- (up to 16 g/L), HCO3- (up to 817 g/L), and AsO2- and AsO 3 4 (both up to 1 mg As/L) in solutions had negligible effects on the measurement of DRP. The threshold concentrations of Cl-, SO42- and HCO3- have been increased from previous reports for the measurements of DRP using other adsorbent-based DGT techniques. The capacity for DGT measurements of DRP decreased with increasing solution pH (4.2-9.2). The lowest capacity (95 μg P/m2 at pH 9.2) was still greater than that of other DGT techniques that are usually used for the measurement of DRP (2-12 μg P/cm2 ). The Zr-oxide binding gel could be stored for up to 2 years without any aging effect. This period of validity was considerably longer than the ferrihydrite binding gel that is commonly used in present DGT devices (6 months). The field application revealed that the concentrations of DRP measured in three fresh water samples using the Zr-oxide DGT technique were in agreement with those of the traditional colorimetric method. 相似文献
53.
磷对超积累植物--东南景天生长和积累锌的影响 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19
通过溶液培养试验,探讨了东南景天植株体内磷锌相互关系.结果表明,在一定范围内供磷(0.5-2.0mmol·L-1)能明显促进东南景天的生长,显著提高叶片、茎和根的生物量适当的增磷(0.5-1.0mmol·L-1)极显著提高东南景天叶片、茎的锌含量和地上部的锌积累量;高磷(2.0mmol·L-1)则降低地上部的锌含量和积累量.无论在何种磷锌水平处理下S(地上部的锌积累量)/R(根系的锌积累量)比值始终大于1,表明在东南景天植株体内可能存在明显的"增磷诱导锌需求(Phosphorusinduced zinc requirement)"现象.从植物修复角度来说,利用增磷手段提高超积累植物东南景天的生物量和地上部锌的积累能力具有重要的应用价值. 相似文献
54.
55.
以城市污水处理厂机械脱水后的污泥(含水率约为80%)和松木锯末的混合物为原料,进行了共气化制取富氢燃气的研究.同时,采用热重分析(TGA)研究了混合样品的热失重特性,并在固定床反应器上考察了不同掺混比对燃气成分、燃气产量和碳转化率的影响.TGA结果表明,随着锯末掺混比的增加,样品的失重量、最大失重率及挥发分析出特性指数增大.在固定床反应器中,脱水污泥中的水分在高温条件下形成蒸气气氛,与产生的半焦发生了蒸气气化反应.实验结果表明,最佳掺混比为40% ~ 60%,此时氢气含量、燃气产量、碳转化率分别为40%、0.70 m3· kg-1、64.1%.此外,借助BET和SEM对残余半焦的比表面积及表面形貌特征进行了分析. 相似文献
56.
人工合成铁、铝矿物和镁铝双金属氧化物对土壤砷的钝化效应 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
应用室内模拟培养的方法,研究了人工合成铁、铝矿物和镁铝双金属氧化物对砷超标土壤中砷的钝化效果.每种钝化剂均设置0.1%、0.5%、1.0%、2.5%和5.0%五个添加量处理.结果表明,添加水铝矿明显降低了土壤pH值,其中,添加5%水铝矿的处理降幅最大,达到1.20;而添加镁铝双金属氧化物则显著提高了土壤pH值,5%镁铝双金属氧化物的处理土壤pH值由5.04最高可提高至8.09.添加铁铝矿物均降低了土壤有效砷的含量,下降幅度为1.89%~64.15%;而添加镁铝双金属氧化物则使土壤有效砷含量增加;添加水铁矿和针铁矿处理对提高土壤中残留态砷含量的作用较为明显.总体看来,两种人工合成铁矿较镁铝双金属氧化物和水铝矿对土壤中砷有更好的钝化效果,可以作为钝化剂应用于土壤中砷的钝化. 相似文献
57.
Leguan Zhang Bo Xiao Zhiquan Hu Shiming Liu Gong Cheng Piwen He Lei Sun 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(1):180-184
Pyrolysis of sewage sludge was studied in a free-fall reactor at 1000–1400 °C. The results showed that the volatile matter in the sludge could be completely released to gaseous product at 1300 °C. The high temperature was in favor of H2 and CO in the produced gas. However, the low heating value (LHV) of the gas decreased from 15.68 MJ/N m3 to 9.10 MJ/N m3 with temperature increasing from 1000 °C to 1400 °C. The obtained residual solid was characterized by high ash content. The energy balance indicated that the most heating value in the sludge was in the gaseous product. 相似文献
58.
广东沼气农业模式的典型调查与思考 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
回顾了广东沼气发展历程,介绍了广东典型沼气农业模式,包括广东西南部丘陵区典型农户沼气模式,广东东部丘陵区典型农户沼气模式,广东东北部丘陵山区典型农户沼气模式,广东低洼地和积水区农户沼气模式,以及广东规模化养殖场沼气模式,并在此基础上分析了沼气农业模式的空间分布规律、沼气模式和经济发展的关系以及沼气发展的系统工程。 相似文献
59.
Qin Sun Jing Chen Shiming Ding Yu Yao Yifei Chen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(10):6553-6564
The technique of diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) has been shown to be a promising tool to assess zinc (Zn) bioavailability in soils, but there exists considerable debate on its suitability. In this study, Zn bioavailability was systematically investigated in wheat- and maize-grown soils using this technique and seven traditional methods, including soil solution concentration and six widely used single-step extraction methods (HAc, EDTA, NaAc, NH4Ac, CaCl2, and MgCl2). The concentrations of Zn in the shoots and roots of these two plant species increased continuously with increasing additions of Zn to the soils, accompanied by significant decreases in shoot biomass and root biomass at Zn concentrations greater than 400 mg kg?1 for maize and 800 mg kg?1 for wheat. Zinc uptake and accumulation was higher in maize roots than in wheat roots. Both the concentrations of bioavailable Zn measured by DGT (C DGT) and soil solutions (C sol) increased linearly with increasing additions of Zn to the soils, while no strong linear relationships were observed for the extraction methods. Higher concentrations of extractable Zn, lower values of C sol, and larger values of R (i.e., the ratio of C DGT to C sol) were observed in maize-grown soils compared with those of wheat-grown soils, while the values of C DGT between the two plants were similar. These findings demonstrate that there likely exists a stronger resupply of Zn from the soil solid phases in maize-grown soils to satisfy a higher Zn uptake and accumulation in this plant. Linear correlation analyses showed that C DGT had the highest correlation coefficients with plant Zn concentrations compared with other traditional methods, implying that the DGT technique is more sensitive and robust in reflecting Zn bioavailability in soils to plants. 相似文献
60.
将逆电渗析(RED)电极氧化还原反应作用于有机废水降解,可以达到利用低品位热氧化降解有机废水的目的.RED反应器阳极产生氧化反应生成的HClO及阳极表面直接电化学氧化反应对有机废水产生氧化降解作用,阴极发生电芬顿反应生成H_2O_2对有机废水产生氧化降解作用.为了验证溶液浓差能驱动的RED有机废水氧化降解工作机理,通过搭建一个由40对膜电池单元所构成的实验室规模的RED有机废水氧化降解反应器及相应的实验系统,对偶氮染料——酸性橙Ⅱ模拟废水进行氧化降解机理研究.通过3次重复性实验研究发现:在通过正交试验确定的最佳降解条件下,浓度为150 mg·L~(-1)各500 mL的酸性橙Ⅱ模拟废水分别流经RED反应器阴、阳两极,阴、阳极12 min酸性橙Ⅱ平均降解率分别可达90.14%和97.87%,20 min酸性橙Ⅱ平均降解率分别达到97.56%和99.81%.初步研究结果表明,溶液浓差能驱动的RED反应器对难生化降解有机物有较好的降解效果,为后续相关理论和实验研究提供了参考依据. 相似文献