PS-TMT树脂的合成及其对水溶液中Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

以氯甲基聚苯乙烯树脂为载体与三聚硫氰酸反应,合成了功能化的螯合树脂PS-TMT,并对其进行了元素分析、红外光谱以及比表面表征。通过静态吸附实验研究了其对水溶液中Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附性能,结果表明,PS-TMT螯合树脂在pH值1～7范围内对Hg(Ⅱ)具有良好的吸附能力,在25℃、pH 7条件下对Hg(Ⅱ)的最大吸附容量为344 mg/g;动力学研究显示树脂对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附在240 min内可达到吸附平衡,吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型;吸附等温线则符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型。     

Diffusive gradients in thin films: devices,materials and applications

Environmental Chemistry Letters - A large number of ex situ sampling techniques have been used traditionally to investigate the impact and fate of pollutants in soil, sediment and waters. However,...     

顺磁共振法测定气相中OH自由基的研究

采和电子顺磁共振（ＥＰＲ）法测定气相中ＯＨ自由基的研究表明,４＝ＰＯ敢相中ＯＨ交好自旋捕集剂,得到的４－ＰＯＢＮ－ＯＨ加合物稳定性媸,样品避光保存２ｄ后,测得ＥＰＲ谱的峰形和大小不变,测得ＯＨ加合物的ＥＰＲ谱中超精细偶合常数分别为αＮ＝１．４５ｍＴ和αＨβ＝０．２２ｍＴ,除去样品溶液中微量的Ｏ２,将改善ＥＰＲ谱的峰形。还报字用这种方法对上海地区大气中采样实测得到ＯＨ加合物的ＥＰＲ谱,它与实验室模拟     

微絮凝直接过滤-超滤组合工艺深度处理印染废水

采用微絮凝直接过滤作为超滤的预处理工艺,对印染废水二级出水进行深度处理。考察了微絮凝直接过滤一超滤组合工艺处理效果和不同预处理方式砂滤、微絮凝、微絮凝直接过滤对超滤膜污染影响。实验结果表明,微絮凝直接过滤-超滤组合工艺对浊度、色度和COD平均去除率为99．2％、87％和56％;出水水质能满足《城市杂用水水质标准》（GB／T18920—2002）;与其他预处理方式相比,微絮凝直接过滤能大大地减轻超滤膜的负荷,延缓膜的污染,微絮凝直接过滤是一较优预处理工艺。由于采用变孔隙滤料,该系统具有用药量省的优点。     

利用人工神经网络预测芳香化合物的生物可降解性

本文采用简单的化学基团描述符来表征化学物质的结构,以底物的最大比去除速度表征生物可降解性的大小,运用自编的人工神经网络对芳香族化合物的生物可降解性进行了研究。试验过程中,按芳香族化合物最大比底物去除速度的大小将其生物可降解性分为四组：不降解,难降解,可降解,易降解。     

Bioavailability assessment of phosphorus and metals in soils and sediments: a review of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)

This paper provides an overview of the principle and latest development of the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technology and its applications in environmental studies with a focus on bioavailability assessment of phosphorus and metals in sediments and soils. Compared with conventional methods, DGT, as a passive sampling method, has significant advantages: in situ measurement, time averaged concentrations and high spatial resolution. The in situ measurement avoids artificial influences including contamination of samples and sample treatment which may change the forms of chemicals. The time averaged concentration reflects representative measurement over a period of time. The high-resolution information captures the biogeochemical heterogeneity of elements of interest distributed in microenvironments, such as in the rhizosphere and the vicinity of the sediment-water interface. Moreover, DGT is a dynamic technique which simultaneously considers the diffusion of solutes and their kinetic resupply from the solid phases. All the advantages of DGT significantly promote the collection of “true” information of the bioavailable or labile forms of chemicals in the environment. DGT provides potential for applications in agriculture, environmental monitoring and the mining industry. However, the applications are still at the early testing stage. Further studies are needed to properly interpret the DGT-measured results under complex environmental conditions, and standard procedures and guideline values based on DGT are required to pave the way for its routine applications in environmental monitoring.     

土体侧移作用下桩基侧向土压力的群桩效应∗

当前工程建设中受土体侧移作用影响的桩基问题越来越突出,桩侧土压力是桩?土相互作用研究中的重要问题,并且受群桩效应影响很大,运用岩土数值计算程序 FLAC3D ,针对粘土饱和不排水情况进行了平面应变数值模拟研究,土体采用摩尔?库伦理想弹塑性本构关系,桩基采用线弹性本构关系,桩?土之间建立接触面。研究结果表明,桩周粘结力对桩侧极限土压力有明显影响,达到桩侧极限土压力所需要的桩土相对位移随 E/Cu 的增大而减小。单排桩时,随着桩间距增大桩土荷载分担比降低,桩侧极限土压力值增大,达到极限土压力时所需要的桩土相对位移增大。双排桩时,当桩间距大约为 2D 时加筋和遮拦效应影响范围比较小,然后随桩间距增大加筋和遮拦效应影响范围增大,而排间距的增大会使遮拦和加筋作用降低,当排间距大于 6D 后遮拦和加筋效应基本消失,桩间距和排间距的增大都使达到桩侧极限土压力所需要的桩土相对位移量增大,并将计算结果与先前学者试验结果进行了对比与分析,具有较好的一致性并有所发展。     

化学溶蚀及冻融循环作用下砂岩的力学特性研究∗

选取云南的砂岩作为试验岩样,研究砂岩经过化学溶蚀及冻融循环作用下的力学特性。通过对砂岩在3种水化环境(PH=3的HCl溶液、PH=7的水溶液、PH=12的NaOH溶液)作用后分别进行循环冻融试验,并在不同冻融循环温度 (-20 ℃、-30 ℃、-40 ℃、-50 ℃)作用下对试样进行单轴压缩试验和三点弯曲试验。结果表明：砂岩经过化学溶蚀和冻融循环作用下的劣化损伤模式主要受冻融循环温度及不同水溶液影响,在不同的水溶液中,单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、应力峰值和断裂韧度均随着冻融循环温度的降低而逐渐降低;HCl溶液浸泡后的砂岩损伤变量最大,而在对砂岩有修补作用的NaOH溶液中出现了负损伤的变化。     

Stability of Fe–As composites formed with As(V) and aged ferrihydrite

During the aging process, ferrihydrite was transformed into mineral mixtures composed of different proportions of ferrihydrite, goethite, lepidocrocite and hematite. Such a transformation may affect the fixed ability of arsenic. In this study, the stability of Fe-As composites formed with As(V) and the minerals aged for 0, 1, 4, 10 and 30 days of ferrihydrite were systematically examined, and the effects of molar of ratios Fe/As were also clarified using kinetic methods combined with multiple spectroscopic techniques. The results indicated that As(V) was rapidly adsorbed on minerals during the initial polymerization process, which delayed both the ferrihydrite conversion and the hematite formation. When the Fe/As molar ratio was 1.875 and 5.66, the As(V) adsorbed by ferrihydrite began to release after 6 hr and 12 hr, respectively. The corresponding release amounts of As(V) were 0.55 g/L and 0.07 g/L, and the adsorption rates were 92.43% and 97.50% at 60 days, respectively. However, the As(V) adsorbed by the transformation products aged for 30 days of ferrihydrite began to release after adsorbed 30 days. The corresponding release amounts of As(V) were 0.25 g/L and 0.03 g/L, and the adsorption rates were 84.23% and 92.18% after adsorbed 60 days, for the Fe/As=1.875 and 5.66, respectively. Overall, the combination of As(V) with ferrihydrite and aged products transformed from a thermodynamically metastable phase to a dynamically stable state within a certain duration. Moreover, the aging process of ferrihydrite reduced the sorption ability of arsenate by iron (hydr)oxide but enhanced the stability of the Fe-As composites.