Effects of investment on energy intensity: evidence from China

This article explores the effects of investment upon energy intensity by applying a unique panel data of China’s 27 provinces between 2004 and 2013. In addition, it also particularly studies other factors, such as energy price, economic structure, and urbanization. The results, based on four econometric regression model results, suggest that in general, the indigenous investment on research and development is a more powerful tool to decrease China’s energy intensity regardless of region disparity. The foreign direct investment (FDI) has a prominent but not persistent effect on energy intensity. However, the outward direct investment has not shown its significant impact on energy intensity. At the level of an aggregate economy and China’s eastern region, the results demonstrate that FDI improves energy efficiency significantly. For the central and western provinces, FDI does not support the similar conclusion. Based on these analyses, we present the corresponding regional policies for policymakers.     

废水中糠醛的比色测定

本文采用醋酸苯胺与糠醛作用缩合成红色化合物的特性,运用正交设计合理选择实验条件.取经水蒸汽蒸馏后的炼油废水样品,加入醮酸苯胺和稳定剂,在20℃的水浴中显示40分钟,于波长518nm处比色测定糠醛含量.测定上限3.0mg/L,最低检出浓度为0.3mg/L,加标回收率90—110％,变异系数<5％。     

环境风险规制的经济成本及次生影响——决策中需要重视的向度

环境风险是社会经济发展的副产物,是市场外部性的表现,需要公共部门的参与解决.然而环境风险的应对并非没有代价,这种代价既包括规制的经济成本,也包括其带来的次生影响.我国经济发展到目前的阶段,政府和公众都非常关注环境风险,并出台了大量的规制性政策对其进行治理.如何在实现环境治理目标的同时,合理控制经济成本、尽量减少次生影响是提升环境治理效能的重要命题,本文针对这一问题进行了探讨.主要对规制的经济成本和次生影响等关键概念做了辨析,对规制的经济成本和次生影响在我国被忽略的可能原因进行了分析,对他国应对这一问题所采取的措施开展了讨论.最后提出在我国针对重大环境规制性政策开展规制影响评估的建议.     

Online electro-Fenton-mass spectrometry reveals 2,4′,5-trichlorobiphenyl oxidation products and binding to organic matter

Electrochemistry–mass spectrometry is used to simulate redox reactions in many research disciplines because this technique is fast and provides information on compound metabolites. However, the analysis of the degradation of refractory organic pollutants by reactive oxygen species is difficult to achieve by the electrochemistry step. Therefore, here we use online electro-Fenton-mass spectrometry to study for the first time the oxidation of 2,4′,5-trichlorobiphenyl [polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 31] by reactive oxygen species and the binding reactions of PCB degradation products with model substances of natural organic matter. The degradation products were identified by coupled Q Trap mass spectrometry. We observed a binding of a degradation product with γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine. We propose a transformation pathway. We conclude that online electro-Fenton-mass spectrometry is a promising technique to study the oxidation of refractory organic pollutants and further binding of degradation products with natural organic matter.     

Estimating soil salinity in different landscapes of the Yellow River Delta through Landsat OLI/TIRS and ETM+ Data

Soil salinization has increasingly become a serious issue in coastal zone due to global climate changes and human disturbances. Assessment of soil salinity, especially at the landscape scale, is critical to coastal management and restoration. Two data from OLI/TIRS and ETM+ sensors of Landsat satellite were used to compare their ability to invert the spatial pattern of soil salinity in both farmland and salt marsh landscapes in the Yellow River Delta, China, respectively. The results showed that the in situ electrical conductivity (EC _a ) of soil, representing soil salinity, were closely related with spectral parameters and salinity indices calculated by the remote sensing data. The results of multiple regression models have showed that nearly all the spectral parameters and salinity indices calculated by OLI/TRIS data were more sensitive to soil salinity than those by ETM+ data. Therefore, the models based on OLI/TIRS data are superior to those on ETM+ data in estimating the spatial pattern of soil salinity in farmland and salt marsh landscapes. Our results were very helpful to evaluate the levels of soil salinization in the Yellow River Delta.     

聚乳酸解聚方法研究进展

综述了近年来国内外关于聚乳酸的热解聚法和酸性水解法、碱性水解法、中性水解法、高温高压水解法、酶催化法、甲醇醇解法、正丁醇醇解法等化学解聚法的研究进展,并对聚乳酸在离子液体环境中进行化学解聚的可行性进行了探讨和展望。     

有机和常规生产系统中甜瓜氮素吸收差异分析

在甜瓜有机生产系统中,设置3个有机肥料水平处理,即空白(OZ)、半量施肥(OH)和标准施肥(OS),在常规生产系统中设置两个化肥水平处理.即空白(CZ)和正常施肥(CS),以研究有机和常规两种土壤中速效氮的变化及甜瓜对氮素的吸收规律.结果表明,在甜瓜的生长发育过程中,有机肥料向土壤中提供了与常规处理相同水平的速效氮.两种生产系统中甜瓜的生物量和产量差异不显著,且不受施肥水平的影响.甜瓜植株的氮素含量在生育过程中逐渐降低,氮素吸收量逐渐增加,常规处理显著高于有机处理,生产系统内部不同的施肥水平之间差异不显著.常规处理中甜瓜的氮素吸收速率显著高于有机处理,同时植株体内积累了较多的硝态氮从而降低了氮素利用效率.图4表4参22     

石灰石煅烧煤矸石水泥处理镍污染土的固化特性北大核心CSCD

随着碳排放量的增加,使用可持续且有效的低碳低成本胶结材料在污染土壤的稳定/固化方面受到了广泛关注。本研究通过无侧限抗压强度、毒性浸出、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等试验来确定新型低碳低成本石灰石煅烧煤矸石水泥对重金属镍污染土的固化特性。结果表明:强度随着养护龄期的增长而增加,随着镍离子浓度的增加而降低;镍离子浸出浓度随着养护龄期的增长而降低,随着镍离子浓度的增加而增大;pH较大(碱性环境),有利于促进水泥对重金属污染土壤的固化效率;X射线衍射和扫描电镜试验表明,生成水化硅酸盐、钙矾石等水化产物及不溶性金属氢氧化物是稳定镍的主要方式。石灰石煅烧煤矸石水泥可以为重金属镍污染土提供环保且可持续的固化修复,处理后的固化土可作为建筑材料循环使用。     

Effects of alkalinity on interaction between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation in wastewater sludge conditioning with aluminum based inorganic polymer flocculant

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form a stable gel-like structure to combine with water molecules through steric hindrance, making the mechanical dewatering of wastewater sludge considerably difficult. Coagulation/flocculation has been widely applied in improving the sludge dewatering performance, while sludge properties (organic fraction and solution chemistry conditions) are highly changeable and have important effects on sludge flocculation process. In this work, the alkalinity effects on sludge conditioning with hydroxy-aluminum were comprehensively investigated, and the interaction mechanisms between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation were unraveled. The results showed that the effectiveness of hydroxy-aluminum conditioning gradually deteriorated with increase in alkalinity. Meanwhile, the polymeric hydroxy-aluminum (Al₁₃) and highly polymerized hydroxy-aluminum (Al₃₀) were hydrolysed and converted into amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃), which changed the flocculation mechanism from charge neutralization and complexing adsorption to hydrogen bond interaction. Additionally, both Al₁₃ and Al₃₀ showed higher binding capacity for proteins and polysaccharides in EPS than monomeric aluminum and Al(OH)₃. Al₁₃ and Al₃₀ coagulation changed the secondary structure of proteins in EPS, which caused a gelation reaction to increase molecular hydrophobicity of proteins and consequently sludge dewaterability. This study provided a guidance for optimizing the hydroxy-aluminum flocculation conditioning of sludge with high solution alkalinity.     

氮素形态与光强对苗期黄瓜吸收累积菲的影响研究

采用营养液培养的方法研究了不同形态氮素(NH4 -N、NO3 -N)和光强对菲胁迫条件下黄瓜幼苗生长及光合特性的影响.结果表明:①与供NO3- -N营养相比,供NH4 -N营养可同时增强黄瓜幼苗的抗菲胁迫及耐弱光的能力;②以NH4 -N为营养的黄瓜吸收的菲不仅运输至叶片的比例相对较低,而且运输至新生叶片的比例也相对较少,相对降低了新生叶中的菲累积,因而使得以NH4 -N为营养的黄瓜新生叶片维持了相对较大的光合面积和较高的光合速率.由此可见,与NO3- -N营养相比,NH4 -N营养能改善黄瓜在菲胁迫环境中的生长状况,尤其在弱光条件下,这种现象更加明显.