青岛输油管道泄漏爆炸事故分析与整改建议

分析了青岛输油管道泄漏爆炸事故发生的原因：城市输油管网规划布置不合理;安全监管责任不落实,检查管道状况不到位;泄漏后的应急处置不当,未及时疏散周边群众等。对照美国油气管线的管理体系和历次事故分析经验与整改过程,指出我国油气管线运营管理和安全事故处理方面存在的问题,并提出整改的建议。     

模拟水生生态系统中沉水植物对水体营养物质消减的影响

研究了模拟水生生态系统中沉水植物对水体营养物质消减的影响.在水体、底泥和沉水植物所组成的模拟生态系统中,沉水植物的生长对于水体中的营养盐浓度具有显著影响.沉水植物对水体营养盐浓度的影响通过多种途径实现,比如直接吸收、促进沉降吸附和促进硝化反硝化作用等.沉水植物的存在降低了模拟水生生态系统中水体营养盐的平衡浓度,同时温度对营养盐的归趋也有重要影响,温度的降低会减缓营养盐从水体中的去除,而温度升高,则会加速这一过程.     

基于隧道PM2.5取样研究南京市机动车尾气颗粒物排放特征

为研究南京地区机动车尾气颗粒物排放特征,于2020年8月对南京富贵山隧道内和隧道外进行PM_2.5采集,对样品中的水溶性离子、碳质组分的分布特征进行分析,综合总碳同位素（δ¹³C）与主成分分析（PCA）探究隧道内PM_2.5来源,并使用质量平衡模型计算了污染物的平均排放因子.结果显示,隧道入口、出口及隧道外早晚高峰期内PM_2.5平均值分别为（69.25±24.19）、（116.67±28.70）和（60.87±16.08）μg·m^-3,隧道内污染程度明显高于隧道外.隧道内外二次无机气溶胶（SNA）分布略有不同,隧道外NH₄⁺主要以（NH₄）₂SO₄的形式存在,其次为NH₄NO₃;隧道内则主要以（NH₄）₂SO₄和NH₄NO₃的形式存在.隧道内δ¹³C存在着较小的分馏,平均值为-26.0‰±0.72‰,综合δ¹³C与主成分分析,隧道内PM_2.5主要来源于机动车的一次排放、尾气颗粒物的二次转化和扬尘.富贵山隧道中PM_2.5、EC、OC的平均排放因子分别为82.86、24.22、7.07 mg·km^-1·veh^-1,与国内外其他隧道实验排放因子的对比结果显示,通过柴油车比例为6%的富贵山隧道远低于柴油车比例较高的地区.     

La-腐殖酸/Al_2O_3凝胶复合物的制备及其氟吸附性能

以腐殖酸钠为原料,采用凝胶聚合法制备La-腐殖酸/Al2O3凝胶复合物(标记为LHAGC).用N2吸附-脱附试验,XRD,SEM,IR表征吸附剂的结构和形貌,并通过静态吸附试验探讨了LHAGC对水中F-的吸附性能以及吸附饱和LHAGC的再生方法.试验结果表明,LHAGC对F-等温吸附数据与Langmuir吸附等温方程拟合较好,最大吸附容量为219.30 mg·g-1,吸附过程符合准2级动力学方程,液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散过程控制着吸附速率;在p H值为5~11时,F-吸附率较高;当水中Cl-、NO-3、SO2-4、HCO-3或PO3-4以F-质量浓度的15倍存在时,F-吸附率仍能达到94%以上,LHAGC表现出较强的抗干扰能力.将F-吸附饱和的LHAGC用浓度为10-1mol·L-1的Na OH溶液进行脱氟,再用Al Cl3溶液将脱氟后LHAGC表面中和至p H值为5时所获得的再生吸附剂,再生率可达96.08%,由此表明LHAGC的潜在应用前景.     

基于径向线损的DG对配电网安全的影响研究

分布式电源并网对配电网有很大影响,包括电压水平、故障水平、线损、安全性、网络可靠性等方面,且其影响程度与分布式电源的容量和安装位置密切相关。本文基于径向式配电网、分布式电源的功率模型和恒功率静态负荷模型,分析和评估当两个等效的分布式电源系统同时并入简单径向配电网时,配电网线损的变化情况。文中,通过搭建理想模型,得出量化线损变化率的具体计算公式并对模型结果进行评述和讨论,将对未来提高线路输电效率的研究和保障配电网安全运行发挥重要作用。     

Measurements of PM10 and PM2.5 in urban area of Nanjing,China and the assessment of pulmonary deposition of particle mass

Measurement of PM10 and PM2.5 was carried out at six sites of Nanjing, China in the period of February-May 2001. The pH and conductivity of water-soluble matter of PM10 and PM2.5 were determined, and the samples were analyzed for total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC) and inorganic carbon (IC) of the water-soluble fraction. The distribution of aerosol mass concentration in size was also measured at one site SB by a nine-stage impactor followed to assess the pulmonary deposition of particles in different tracts of the human respiratory system. Compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of the USA, the level of PM10 and PM2.5 in Nanjing was much higher. Especially for site SY, the average particle mass concentrations (774.5 micrograms/m3 for PM10 and 481.4 micrograms/m3 for PM2.5) were more than five times the NAAQS standard. At site SB aerosol mass distribution in size had shown the similar characteristics with accumulation (Dp < 1 micron) and coarse (Dp > 1 micron) modes. More than 70% of total suspended particles is of a size that they are deposited in the respiratory tract below trachea, whereas about 22% of the mass is respirable and will reach the alveoli. Water-soluble fractions of PM10 and PM2.5 in Nanjing are acidic, and the pH of PM2.5 is lower than that of PM10. OC makes up the majority of TC and accounts for 3-14% of mass concentration of PM10 and/or PM2.5, while IC only accounts for 0.1-0.5% of PM10 and/or PM2.5 mass.     

典型金属离子对漆酶催化降解溴代阻燃剂四溴双酚A的影响研究

研究了自然环境、垃圾渗滤液及工业废水中广泛存在的金属离子对真菌漆酶（Trametes versicolor）酶活性以及对漆酶催化降解典型溴代阻燃剂四溴双酚A（TBBPA）的影响.金属离子包括Na⁺、K⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺、Hg²⁺、Fe²⁺、Fe³⁺、Pb²⁺、Al³⁺能抑制漆酶酶活性和降低TBBPA的降解转化率,抑制效应随着金属离子浓度的升高而增大;Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺则对漆酶活性和TBBPA去除率均没有显著影响.金属离子的抑制作用主要是通过干扰漆酶的电子传递过程产生的.其中,Fe²⁺和Hg²⁺的抑制效应尤为明显,而二者的抑制机制不同,Fe²⁺竞争消耗O₂,Hg²⁺则通过与漆酶结构中氨基酸络合,改变其构型从而抑制其活性.此外,通过加入介体物质2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧化物（TEMPO）等物质能够显著提高金属离子存在下漆酶对TBBPA的去除率.     

关于工业机器人的事故分析及其对策

工业机器人是高科技机电产品，在工业领域广泛应用，可以代替人们从事繁重的、危险性的工作，但由于工业机器人故障所造成的人身伤害事故也时有发生，从工业机器人的可靠性、工业机器人事故案例、能量类型分类等多角度对工业机器人事故进行了分析，从事故树分析法（FTA）、基本安全性原则、工业安全技术等几方面提出了相应的对策。     

羟丙基-β-环糊精对不动杆菌属菌株降解硝基苯的影响研究

经过长期驯化和分离得到一株能降解硝基苯的高效菌株，初步鉴定其为不动杆菌属菌株，在30C时，硝基苯对该菌株的最适宜浓度为400mg／L左右。主要研究了羟丙基-β-环糊精(HPCD)对该菌株降解硝基苯的影响。研究发现：当硝基苯的浓度不超过微生物的最适宜生长浓度(400mg／L)时，HPCD对其降解基本没有影响；当硝基苯的浓度高于微生物的最适宜生长浓度时，HPCD的包合作用降低了硝基苯的毒性，加快了硝基苯的降解；HPCD浓度保持一定时，随着硝基苯浓度的增加，促进效果越明显；硝基苯浓度保持不变时，HPCD的浓度越高，促进效果越明显。     

Phytotoxicity of four herbicides on Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii

The physiological effects of 4 herbicides (butachlor, quinclorac, bensulfuron-methyl and atrazine) on 3 submerged macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii) were tested in laboratory conditions. The variables of the relative growth rate and the photosynthetic pigments content showed that all of the tested herbicides affected the growth of the plants obviously. The abnormal growth of the plants was observed in most treatment groups, even at the lowest concentration (0.0001 mg/L). Except for the C. demersum treated with quinclorac at 0.005 and 0.01 mg/L, the relative growth rates of the plants were inhibited significantly (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis of Chl-a content was carried out with both the t-test and one-way ANOVA to determine the difference between the treatment groups and control. The results showed that Chl-a contents of the plants in all treatment groups were affected by herbicides significantly, except for the C. demersum treated with bensulfuron-methyl at 0.0005 mg/L. The decrease content in Chl-a was positively correlated to the dosage of the herbicides in most treatment groups. It was suggested that herbicides in water body might potentially affect the growth of aquatic macrophytes. Since the Chl-a content of submerged macrophytes responded to the stress of herbicides sensitively and directly, it could be used as biomaker in environmental monitoring or in the ecological risk assessment of herbicide contamination.