浅谈硫磺联合装置危险作业的安全管理

中国石化沧州分公司的硫磺联合装置包括60汕污水汽提、200t／h溶剂再生、20000t／a硫磺、干式气柜4套装置,来自上游装置的含硫污水经脱气、除油后进入汽提塔,塔顶含氨酸性气到硫磺制硫装置,塔底净化水到常压、水厂回用。各装置来的含硫溶剂（富液）经过滤后闪蒸脱烃,再进入再生塔,塔顶酸性气到硫磺制硫装置,塔底贫液去各装置回用。污水汽提和溶剂再生来的混合酸性气在制硫装置中生成工业用硫磺回用。     

Production and emission of phosphine gas from wetland ecosystems

Phosphine is a part of an atmospheric link of phosphorus cycle on earth, which could be an important pathway for phosphorus transport in environment.Wetland ecosystems are important locations for global biogeochemical phosphorus cycle.In this study, production and emission fluxes of free phosphine from four wetlands types in southern China were observed in different seasons.The results showed that the concentration of phosphine liberated from wetlands was at pg/m3-ng/m3 level.The emission concentrations of different wetlands followed the sequence:paddy field(51.83 ± 3.06) ng/m3 marsh(46.54 ± 20.55) ng/m3 lake(37.05 ± 22.74) ng/m3 coastal wetland(1.71 ± 0.73) ng/m3, the positive phosphine emission flux occurred in rice paddy field(6.67 ± 5.18) ng/(m2·hr) and marsh(6.23 ± 26.9) ng/(m2·hr), while a negative phosphine flux of(-13.11 ± 35.04) ng/(m2·hr) was observed on the water-air interface of Lake Taihu, suggesting that paddy field and marsh may be important sources for phosphine gas in atmosphere, while lake may be a sink of atmospheric phosphine gas during the sampling period.Atmospheric phosphine levels and emission flux from Yancheng marsh and rice paddy field varied in different seasons and vegetational zones.Both diffusion resistance in aqueous phase and temperature were dominating factors for the production and transportation of phosphine to atmosphere.     

疫情管控期间公共场所火灾疏散研究*

为探究新冠疫情管控期间公共建筑安全出口开放状态对人员疏散影响,通过实地调研了解公共建筑疏散管理及安全出口开放状态,利用Pathfinder模拟疫情管控前后某高校办公楼人员火灾疏散,分析人员疏散过程中个人拥堵总时长、最长连续拥堵时长、人员疏散路径,提出3种推荐出口开放方案,并通过Pathfinder模拟得到最优方案。研究结果表明:疫情管控期间,各公共建筑均关闭部分安全出口,以便于体温检测;疫情管控期间人员拥堵时长显著增大,常规情况下人均拥堵时长为16.01 s、个人拥堵时长最大为120.45 s,疫情管控期间人均拥堵时长为23.92 s、个人拥堵时长最大为168.23 s;区域A部分人员汇合至区域B中,导致楼梯2人员密度增大,在2~3层楼梯发生拥堵;同时开放出口Ⅰ和Ⅳ的方案Ⅲ为最优开放方案。     

表面活性剂清洗法在污染土壤修复中的应用

探讨了表面活性剂清洗法对土壤中芳烃类污染物的清除作用,并对常州市染化厂原址污染现场土壤样品进行了清洗研究．研究表明,表面活性剂对土壤中的芳烃类污染物有很好的去除效果,十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液对土壤中苯酚、硝基苯洗脱率分别达９３．９７％ 和７８．７４％ ．对污染现场土壤样品中主要污染物的洗脱率达９０％ 以上     

羧甲基—β—环糊精的合成及对卤代芳烃的增溶研究

本文报道了羧甲基－β－环糊精的一种简便合成方法,并研究了羧甲基－β－环糊精对卤代芳烃类化合物的增溶作用。羧甲基－β－环糊精能与水以任意比例互溶其水溶液对卤代芳烃有明显的增溶作用。增溶作用的大小主要与卤代芳烃的疏水性及分子的几何形状与环糊精空腔的匹配程度有关。     

武汉市春季大气PM2.5中水溶性离子特征

运用大气PM_(2.5)水溶性组分及其气态前体物在线监测系统(GAC-IC)于2017年3月5—12日对武汉市大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性组分进行了在线监测,分析了PM_(2.5)中主要水溶性离子的化学特征和作用机制。结果表明:实验期间武汉市大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性组分与气态前体物间存在明显的二次转化过程,二次反应是PM_(2.5)的重要来源。监测期间,PM_(2.5)中NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)和NH_4~+的平均质量浓度分别为24.3、16.9、15.0μg/m~3,是PM_(2.5)中重要的水溶性无机离子,占PM_(2.5)质量浓度的40%~70%。硫氧化率(SOR)和氮氧化率(NOR)平均值分别为0.52和0.27,表现出较为明显的二次污染特征。通过相关性分析发现:监测点位周边大气PM_(2.5)中NH_4~+与NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)有良好的相关性,且表现为富氨状态,大气中铵能较好地中和SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and extracellular enzyme secretion in agitated and stationary cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The extracellular enzyme secretion and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in agitated and shallow stationary liquid cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Veratryl alcohol and Tween80 were added to cultures as lignin peroxidase (LIP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) inducer, respectively. Shallow stationary cultures were suitable for the production of enzyme, whereas agitated cultures enhanced overall biodegradation by facilitating interphase mass transfer of PAHs into aqueous phases. The use of a LIP stimulator, veratryl alcohol, did not increase PAH degradation but significantly enhanced LiP activity. In contrast, Tween80 increased both MnP secretion and PAH degradation in shallow stationary cultures. On the other hand, high PAH degradation was observed in agitated cultures in the absence of detectable LIP and MnP activities. The results suggested that extracellular peroxidase activities are not directly related to the PAH degradation, and the increased solubility rather than enzyme activity may be more important in the promotion of PAH degradation.