基于Donnan分离的磷酸盐离子迁移与膜内分布

基于Donnan分离原理,研究磷酸盐离子在无电压条件下通过阴离子交换膜的迁移过程以及膜内磷酸盐的分布。结果表明,阴离子交换膜采用NaCl溶液浸泡预处理后,促进磷酸盐离子的第1步迁移过程,磷酸盐离子的迁移去除效果提高5%。受体液NaCl浓度是阴离子交换膜内磷酸盐含量的控制因素,其浓度从0.001 mol/L增加至0.1 mol/L时,膜内磷酸盐含量由0.077 mg/cm2降至0.002 mg/cm2。受体液NaCl浓度较高时,有利于促进磷酸盐离子的第3步迁移过程,且2层膜内磷酸盐含量的分布由给体液至受体液呈递减趋势。温度升高,低浓度受体液条件下膜内磷酸盐的含量增加,对高浓度受体液条件下膜内磷酸盐的含量几乎无影响。     

Short-term e ects of drawing water for connectivity of rivers and lakes on zooplankton community structure

During 28–29, September 2005, water was drawn from Hanjiang River and Houguan Lake to the Yangzi River via Sanjiao Lake and Nantaizi Lake in Wuhan in order to provide favorable conditions for ecosystem restoration. To evaluate the feasibility and validity of drawing water as a means of ecosystem restoration, zooplankton populations were studied 3 times (before, immediately after finishing and a month after drawing water) at seven locations from 27 Sept. 2005 to 2 Nov. 2005. Water quality in the lakes was mostly improved and zooplankton species richness decreased as soon as drawing water had finished but increased a month after drawing water. Zooplankton density and biomass was reduced in the lakes by drawing water but was increased at the entrance to Sanjiao Lake because of landform geometry change. Before drawing water, most species in Sanjiao Lake e.g., Brachionus sp. and Keratella sp. were tolerant of contamination. After drawing water oligotrophic-prone species such as Lecane ludwigii and Gastropus stylifer emerged. We conclude that drawing water could be important for improving water quality and favour ecosystem restoration. Dilution of nutrient concentrations may be an important role in the e ect.     

Short-term effects of drawing water for connectivity of rivers and lakes on zooplankton community structure

During 28-29,September 2005,water was drawn from Hanjiang River and Houguan Lake to the Yangzi River via Sanjiao Lake and Nantaizi Lake in Wuhan in order to provide favorable conditions for ecosystem restoration.To evaluate the feasibility and validity of drawing water as a means of ecosystem restoration,zooplankton populations were studied 3 times (before,immediately after finishing and a month after drawing water)at seven locations from 27 Sept.2005 to 2 Nov.2005.Water quality in the lakes was mostly improved and zooplankton species richness decreased as soon as drawing water had finished but increased a month after drawing water.Zooplankton density and biomass was reduced in the lakes by drawing water but was increased at the entrance to Sanjiao Lake because of landform geometry change.Before drawing water,most species in Sanjiao lake e.g.,Brachionus sp.and Keratella sp.were tolerant of contamination.After drawing water oligotrophic-prone species such as Lecane ludwigii and Gastropus stylifer emerged.We conclude that drawing water could be important for improving water quality and favour ecosystem restoration.Dilution of nutrient concentrations may be an important role in the effect.     

细菌芳烃外二醇双加氧酶研究进展

外二醇双加氧酶(EDOs)是一种多功能细菌芳烃开环氧化酶,在环境保护、化工合成及生物技术等领域中有着巨大的应用潜力.本文综述了EDOs自开发以来的研究成果,包括分类学研究,酶的催化机制,在生物降解、生物合成、生物技术中的应用及其开发改造新技术.EDOs属于3个进化关系相互独立的酶家族,它们利用活性位点金属离子Fe/Mn(II)与底物和氧气结合,通过形成一种烷基过氧化中间产物,使芳香化合物开环断裂.利用这一催化机制,EDOs可以广泛地降解多种环境污染物,同时,某些EDOs还能够参与生物活性物质的合成,并且在生物传感器等生物技术中也有着广泛的应用.近年来,结合宏基因组、杂交酶等技术手段,研究人员开发改造出更多的EDOs资源,旨在为EDOs的深入研究提供更全面的信息.     

菌根技术在环境修复领域中的应用及展望

菌根作为植物根系和真菌所建立的共生体,是生物界最为广泛的一种互惠共生现象。这一系统的形成能够有效增强植物的物质生产和抗病能力,全面改善宿主植物的生长状况,因此在新兴生态农业生产领域受到广泛重视。与此同时,菌根系统的形成可有效促进植物对污染或胁迫环境的适应能力,以及对环境污染物的去除能力,并能联合其它根际微生物共同发挥效能,在受损和污染环境生态修复领域具有巨大的潜力。近年来,菌根技术在环境修复领域中的应用正成为环境工作者关注的新兴方向,但目前仍处于起步阶段。文章在前人研究结果的基础上,对菌根技术在重要的环境修复领域,如面源污染综合防治领域、污染场地生物修复领域、受损和胁迫环境恢复重建中的试验研究和应用进展进行了综述,并结合其发展现状探讨了当前菌根技术在环境修复治理工程应用以及大规模工业化生产中的瓶颈问题,提出应在菌根真菌对异质环境的适应性、菌根系统的复杂性解析、以及内生菌根真菌分离纯化等关键理论与技术方面加大力度,尽早实现广适性功能菌种的工业化生产和多元＂生物制剂＂的开发,从而在环境修复领域发挥更大的作用。     

Removal of N,N-dimethylformamide by dielectric barrier discharge plasma combine with manganese activated carbon

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Manganese activated carbon (Mn-AC) was successfully prepared by the incipient wetness method and characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR. This study chose...     

Reduced graphene oxide modified Z-scheme AgI/Bi2MoO6 heterojunctions with boosted photocatalytic activity for water treatment originated from the efficient charge pairs partition and migration

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to enhance degradation of harmful organic pollutants like Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible-light irradiation (λ >420 nm), a...     

武汉月湖水体主要元素与浮游植物的PCA与CCA分析

通过2007年1—12月对武汉月湖不同的取样点进行监测,并选择汉江琴台段水域作为研究对照,调查了月湖水体硅藻、蓝藻与水体主要元素的种类,采用PCA、CCA分析法探讨了月湖水体硅藻、蓝藻与水体元素种类的关系。结果表明:月湖水体中所含元素全年监测出28种;汉江琴台段水域中所含元素全年监测出27种。经PCA分析表明,月湖水体中累计贡献率较大为磷(P)、砷(As)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn);汉江琴台段水域累计贡献率较大为硅(Si)、锑(Sb)、镉(Cd)、钒(V)、钡(Ba)、Ag(银)、钼(Mo)。月湖水体中蓝藻密度大于硅藻,汉江琴台段水域硅藻密度大于蓝藻。经CCA分析表明,月湖硅藻密度与硒(Se)、锶(Sr)、银(Ag)、Ba、铝(Al)呈正相关关系;月湖蓝藻密度与P、Cu、铬(Cr)呈正相关关系,月湖蓝藻密度与镁(Mg)、镍(Ni)、钙(Ca)、锌(Zn)、硫(S)呈负相关关系。CCA分析中,汉江琴台段硅藻密度与铅(Pb)、硼(B)、As、Cr、Zn、Al、Cu、Mn、Fe、P呈负相关关系,汉江琴台段硅藻密度与Mo、Ca、钴(Co)、V、Sr、Ag呈正相关关系;汉江琴台段蓝藻密度与钠(Na)、S、Mg、Ni、钾(K)呈负相关关系。月湖水体缺乏可溶硅(dissolved silicon,DSi),硅藻会提升对其他元素(Se、Sr、Ag、Ba、Al)的吸收能力,这些元素会起到缺乏元素(Si)近似的作用,替代性可能出现。水中各种元素的组态是导致月湖浮游植物群落发生演变的重要原因之一。     

Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the shallow groundwater quality in a typical irrigation area with reclaimed water,North China Plain

In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater were analyzed to get insight into the factors affecting groundwater quality in a typical agricultural dominated area of the North China Plain. Forty-four shallow groundwater samples were collected for chemical analysis. The water type changes from Ca·Na-HCO₃ type in grass land to Ca·Na-Cl (+NO₃) type and Na (Ca)-Cl (+NO₃+SO₄) type in construction and facility agricultural land, indicating the influence of human activities. The factor analysis and geostatistical analysis revealed that the two major factors contributing to the groundwater hydrochemical compositions were the water-rock interaction and contamination from sewage discharge and agricultural fertilizers. The major ions (F, HCO₃) and trace element (As) in the shallow groundwater represented the natural origin, while the nitrate and sulfate concentrations were related to the application of fertilizer and sewage discharge in the facility agricultural area, which was mainly affected by the human activities. The values of pH, total dissolved solids, electric conductivity, and conventional component (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Cl) in shallow groundwater increased from grass land and cultivated land, to construction land and to facility agriculture which were originated from the combination sources of natural processes (e.g., water-rock interaction) and human activities (e.g., domestic effluents). The study indicated that both natural processes and human activities had influences on the groundwater hydrochemical compositions in shallow groundwater, while anthropogenic processes had more contribution, especially in the reclaimed water irrigation area.     

基于嗅觉效应的土壤苯系物关键因子识别及安全阈值研究

以某化工退役地块为例,从化学浓度及异味贡献两个角度对比了典型土壤气样品中苯系物的污染特征;并从嗅觉效应的角度,研究推导了基于嗅觉效应的主要致嗅组分土壤安全阈值,为污染地块异味风险控制提供理论依据.该地块土壤气组分中以苯浓度最高,其次为氯苯,分别占苯系物总质量浓度的67.3%和10.1%.从异味贡献来看,核心致嗅成分为乙苯,占土壤气总异味活度值的53.2%;其次为甲苯,异味贡献平均占比为14.1%.基于地块未来公园绿地规划,构建了长期及短期两种异味暴露场景下的概念模型和计算公式.经分析计算,短期（涉及建设开挖）的异味暴露风险较长期异味暴露风险更需引起关注.土壤中关键致嗅因子乙苯、甲苯、苯、间/对-二甲苯的土壤异味安全阈值分别为12.9、35、559.3和60.7 mg·kg^-1.将计算所得的安全阈值与现行土壤标准相较,以甲苯和间/对-二甲苯的反差最为显著.研究结果表明：存在异味的污染地块,应同时兼顾考虑毒理学健康效应和基于嗅觉效应的安全阈值,确保污染地块的安全利用.