ABR反应器运行稳定性的研究

对ABR反应器处理不同浓度的葡萄糖和生活污水的合成废水进行了研究 ,考察了ABR处理不同浓度废水的适应性 ,并研究其反应器受到负荷冲击后的稳定性 ;同时对不同浓度下的生物相进行了比较。     

稀水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)光化学还原的研究

研究了稀水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的光化学还原过程,考察了·OH自由基俘获剂的种类、结构及溶液pH值对Cr(Ⅵ)还原的影响结果表明稀水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的还原过程分化学还原与光化学还原两步进行,前者为直接氧化还原过程,后者则经历自由基反应;·OH自由基俘获剂中羟基的数量和位置对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原均有影响,羟基α位碳上氢原子数量愈多,碳氢键强度愈小,愈有利于Cr(Ⅵ)还原;溶液pH值对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原有重要影响,随着pH值的升高,其还原率和反应速率均下降,当pH≥70时,Cr(Ⅵ)的还原基本停止     

天津地区冬季总悬浮颗粒物中PAHs污染特征

采集并分析了天津不同区县13个样点冬季总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)含量.结果表明不同样品间PAHs含量差异明显,东部开发区和中北部区县含量明显高于其它地区,大港油田的颗粒物中PAHs含量很低,市区、南部区县和北部山区居中.根据毒性等效因子计算了等效浓度,不同样品PAHs总等效浓度差异不大,占总浓度50%的高环PAHs毒性贡献达90%.     

Nonlinear binding of phenanthrene to the extracted fulvic acid fraction in soil in comparison with other organic matter fractions and to the whole soil sample

Fractions of soil organic matter in a natural soil were extracted and sorption (or binding) characteristics of phenanthrene on each fraction and to the whole sample were investigated. The organic carbon normalized single point sorption (or binding) coefficient followed lipid > humin (HM) > humic acid (HA) > fulvic acid (FA) > whole soil sample, while the nonlinear exponent exhibited lipid > FA > HA > whole soil sample > HM. FA showed nonlinear binding of phenanthrene as it often does with other fractions. HM and HA contributed the majority of organic carbon in the soil. The calculated sorption coefficients of the whole soil were about two times greater than the measured values at different equilibrium phenanthrene concentrations. As for phenanthrene, the sorption capacity and nonlinearity of the physically mixed HA-HM mixtures were stronger as compared to the chemically reconstituted HA-HM composite. This was attributed to (besides the conditioning effect of the organic solvents) interactions between HA and HM and acid-base additions during fractionation.     

上海城市化对气象要素和臭氧浓度的影响

为探讨城市化引起的土地利用变化对上海近地面气象要素和臭氧(O3)浓度的影响,运用美国国家大气研究中心等机构共同开发的WRF-Chem模式,在考虑扩大城市用地、运用城市冠层模式以及城市人为热影响的基础上,针对上海地区2个不同发展时期的下垫面土地利用类型,就2007年3次高浓度O3天气过程,设置4组灵敏性试验进行模拟。结果表明,以虹桥机场站为代表的市区受城市化影响温度升高、相对湿度降低、风速减小,日平均温度最高上升3.5℃,日平均相对湿度最大降低20%,日平均风速最大减小1.5m/s;但以青浦站和川沙站为代表的郊区受城市化影响不明显。此外,以卢湾站为代表的市区,O3浓度普遍增加,日均值最高可增加8.3μg/m3;但以川沙站和淀山湖站为代表的郊区,O3浓度的变化随着个例的不同有增加也有减少。     

Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of phenanthrene with ozone

The reactions of gas-phase phenanthrene and suspended phenanthrene particles with ozone were conducted in a 200l chamber. The secondary organic aerosol formation was observed in the reaction of gas-phase phenanthrene with ozone and simultaneously the size distribution of the secondary organic aerosol was monitored with a scanning mobility particle sizer during the formation process. The particulate ozonation products from both reactions were analyzed with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer. 2,2′-Diformylbiphenyl was identified as the dominant product in both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of phenanthrene with ozone. GC/MS analysis of ozonation products of phenanthrene in glacial acetic acid was carried out for assigning time-of-flight mass spectra of reaction products formed in the homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of phenanthrene with ozone.     

油页岩循环流化床锅炉底渣和飞灰中重金属元素浸出毒性研究

为了研究我国桦甸油页岩65 t/h循环流化床锅炉的底渣和飞灰中重金属元素Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn的赋存状态及不同酸度条件下的浸出特性,分别进行了逐级提取实验和分批浸出的淋滤实验。逐级提取实验结果表明,这4种元素在底渣和飞灰中具有基本相当的赋存状态。硫化物结合态和稳定的残渣态是各元素的主要赋存状态,元素的潜在浸出能力大小表现为:PbCrCuZn,飞灰中各元素的潜在浸出能力大于底渣中的。浸出实验结果表明,元素的赋存状态决定了其浸提能力,浸提液的pH值对各元素浸出能力的影响不尽相同,各元素的浸出能力随浸提时间的延长都会趋于平衡,Cr和Pb的浸出浓度都高于地表水和饮用水的国家标准。     

Effect of Pb toxicity on leaf growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthesis in cuttings and seedlings of Jatropha curcas L

Background  

Cuttings and seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. were exposed to different regimes of lead (Pb) stress as Pb(NO₃)₂ at 0 (CK), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mM kg⁻¹ soil.     

纳米铁系双金属-微生物体系去除地下水NO-3-N研究

采用不同液相还原法制备纳米Fe0、Fe/Ni和Fe/Cu粒子,将其与反硝化细菌混合应用于地下水NO3--N去除研究。考察3种体系对NO3--N去除速率的影响,并对其脱氮产物及RNA水平上纳米铁系双金属对反硝化细菌的毒性效应进行了分析和讨论。结果表明,9 d内纳米Fe0体系可完全将NO3--N去除,过程中伴随NO2--N先升高后降低的生成趋势,NH 4+-N生成52%;纳米Fe/Ni体系脱氮速率最快,6 d内可将NO 3--N完全去除,几乎未检测到NO 2--N的生成,而NH 4+-N的转化率高达69%;纳米Fe/Cu体系7 d内可将NO3--N去除完全,NH4+-N的生成率降低,仅39%,但是出现33%NO2--N积累。从反应前后反硝化细菌总RNA浓度变化看,3种纳米粒子对反硝化细菌的毒性大小为纳米Fe/Ni﹥纳米Fe/Cu﹥纳米Fe0。     

改性膨润土对垃圾填埋场渗滤液吸附效果

通过制备不同组分改性膨润土,研究其对苯酚的吸附效果,结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵+十二烷基磺酸钠+硫酸铝-改性膨润土>十六烷基三甲基溴化铵+十二烷基磺酸钠-改性膨润土>十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-改性膨润土。通过改性膨润土对实际复杂组分渗滤液的吸附研究,结果表明,使用活性炭改性的膨润土吸附COD和NH4+-N最为理想,单位质量COD吸附量最高为26.8 mg/g,NH4+-N最高为3.92 mg/g,其中,COD最高去除率为77.3%,氨氮为28.9%;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵+十二烷基磺酸钠+硫酸铝-改性膨润土对COD和NH4+-N均有去除效果,两者对于渗滤液实际处理工程具有应用价值。