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201.
HAZOP分析方法在石油工业上游业务中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于国内石油工业上游业务风险分析和安全评价现状,针对油气勘探、油气田开发、油气集输和海洋石油各阶段工艺流程与作业环境特性,选择引导词、偏差进行安全评价,分析和探讨HAZOP分析方法在上游业务中应用的可行性和适用性。研究表明,对于油气田开发、油气集输阶段以及海上油气田生产方面,应用HAZOP分析,可从本质安全角度提出项目风险管理控制措施,提高装置安全性和可操作性,促进企业持续稳定发展。但对于油气勘探阶段,由于其风险呈层次型且评价方法依赖于数学建模和数值计算,不适宜采用HAZOP分析方法。 相似文献
202.
基于AHP-熵权法的输气站场区块风险因素权重确定方法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为合理地体现主、客观风险因素对输气站场安全状况的影响,综合运用AHP和熵权法在确定权重方面的优势,在充分尊重专家经验的基础上,最大限度地削弱了权重确定的主观性.针对输气站场设施种类繁多、数量巨大,且分布既相对独立,又相互联系的特点,以工艺流程单元为大致框架,并兼顾设施共性风险因素,将输气站场划分为了清管器收发区、计量区、压气区、阀组区、安全仪表系统区等10大风险区块,并重点关注各区块内关键设备在运行期间的风险因素,最终建立起了10大区块62小项的输气站场两级风险评价指标体系.权重确定过程利用yaahp层次分析法软件和Excel辅助计算,大大降低了数据处理的工作量,同时保证了计算结果的准确性. 相似文献
203.
204.
Caiyun Hou Sen Qiao Yue Yang Jiti Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(6):92
205.
Zhang Jin Wang Kun Yi Qitao Pei Yu Hou Chuanying Yi Yujun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(24):31151-31162
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The estuarine delta of the Yellow River is a region of strong land-ocean-human interactions that undergoes a unique evolutionary process. The delta is... 相似文献
206.
Weixuan Zhao Liping Lian Xingpeng Jin Renxi Zhang Gang Luo Huiqi Hou Shanping Chen Ruina Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(2):20
207.
Linsheng Yang Peter J. Peterson W. Peter Williams Wuyi Wang Shaofan Hou Jian’an Tan 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2002,24(4):293-303
Associations between the concentration of arsenic naturally occurring in drinking water and the development of skin lesions in people have been documented for some years at various locations around the world. Data on the exposure-response relationship between concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and prevalence of skin lesions in farmers from five locations in Inner Mongolia, China have been collected from the original publications and re-analysed together as a meta-study. The calculated data show a positive linear exposure-response relationship without a threshold. The reasons for this linear correlation are discussed and compared with the data from Xinjiang, another arsenism area located in a different geographical area of China. Here a different relationship was recorded that involved a threshold concentration before skin lesions developed. The significance of these two different exposure-response scenarios is discussed. 相似文献
208.
Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Arsenism: An Intervention Trial in Inner Mongolia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Linsheng Yang Wuyi Wang Shaofan Hou Peter J. Peterson W. Peter Williams 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2002,24(4):359-374
This paper reports the effects of a placebo-controlled Se-enriched yeast supplementation trial, conducted for 14 months, on arsenism in adult farmers living in a rural community in Inner Mongolia, China. The farmers had been naturally exposed to elevated concentrations of As in drinking water from tube-wells since 1983 but changed to arsenic-free drinking water when the trial began in June 1996. Blood and hair Se and As concentrations were analysed pre-intervention and at the end of the 3rd, 9th and 14th month, while skin lesions were assessed pre-intervention, as well as at the end of the 14th month, using the Arsenism Clinical Criteria established by the Ministry of Health, China. As the trial was a voluntary one, a number of farmers did not routinely have their blood and hair samples taken for analysis. Consequently, the data have been analysed in two categories. Fifty-four farmers from the Se-group and 29 from the placebo-group who were sampled on each occasion were considered as one group, which has been compared with the second group comprising up to a total of 100 farmers in the Se-group and 86 in the placebo-group. Results calculated for those farmers who were sampled on each occasion, showed that at the end of the trial, blood and hair Se concentrations of the Se-group increased from 0.130 to 0.186 µg ml–1 and from 0.431 to 0.502 µg g–1, respectively, while those of the placebo-groups remained constant. Blood and hair As concentrations of the Se-group decreased from 0.051 to 0.015 µg ml–1 and from 2.57 to 0.680 µg g–1, respectively, a greater reduction than those in the placebo-group that went from 0.064 to 0.024 µg ml–1 and from 2.62 to 1.25 µg g–1, respectively. When the data from all patients were examined, the analytical trends were similar. An evaluation of skin lesions in the category who were sampled for hair and blood on each occasion showed that 41.2% of hyperkeratosis, 50.0% of depigmentation and 44.7% of pigmentation in the Se-group improved one or more degrees, while those in the placebo-group improved by only 7.1, 12.0 and 6.7%, respectively. A total of 61.1% of the adults in Se-group improved in one or more type of skin lesion, but only 17.2% improved in the placebo-group. Comparable results were obtained when all the data from both categories of farmers were examined. Results from the trial showed that Se supplementation was more effective for the improvement of adults who were affected by double or triple skin lesions. In the placebo-group, most of the severely affected adults improved in only one kind of skin lesion, but in the Se-group, more adults improved in two or three kinds of skin lesions. Although the trial was limited by its relatively small size, the results have provided some evidence of the usefulness of Se supplementation for people affected by arsenism. 相似文献
209.
Linsheng Yang Wuyi Wang Shaofan Hou W. Peter Williams Peter J. Peterson 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2002,24(4):337-348
The clinical skin lesions of arsenism in men and women in Bayinmaodao rural district in Inner Mongolia, Peoples Republic of China, have been examined by doctors, and their hair and drinking water samples analysed for arsenic by hydride generation and ICP-AES. Altogether 311 arsenism patients with a 15.53% prevalence rate for the district were recorded. The disease prevalence rate was positively related to population, age, and their exposure to elevated arsenic concentrations in the drinking water from 1983 when new wells were dug and drinking of surface water was abandoned. Hyperkeratosis was the most serious skin lesion with the highest occurrence rate, then depigmentation and pigmentation in decreasing order. With increasing severity of the disease, ranging from skin lesion with single hyperkeratosis 1° to hyperkeratosis 3° with depigmentation 3° and pigmentation 3°, the results showed that arsenic concentrations in head hair had increased. Arsenic concentrations in hair were positively correlated with the arsenic concentrations in drinking water obtained from local wells. 相似文献
210.
白菜叶绿体DNA快速提取及分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用SDS-蛋白酶法提取了白菜的叶绿体DNA.琼脂糖电泳及紫外分光光度分析表明,所提取的叶绿体DNA质量高,除cpDNA主环外,在胞质雄性不育新种质及原不育系中还存在约1375bp和831bp的两条质粒分子.用所提取的叶绿体DNA作为模板进行RAPD扩增,获得了清晰的扩增图谱.该方法与传统的提取方法相比省时、高效、无污染.图2表1参14 相似文献