福建省工业CO2排放效率评价研究

运用基于非期望产出、非径向、非角度的SBM-DEA模型,对2005年-2014年福建省工业35个行业CO2排放效率进行评价,然后通过行业效率值动态聚类深入揭示福建省工业行业CO2排放特质,最后提出福建省工业低碳发展的建议.研究表明:福建省工业存在较大的节能减排空间,高效率行业具有技术进步显著的优势,中效率行业效率值受贸易结构影响,低效率行业普遍存在产能过剩的问题.因此,福建省工业低碳转型需要调整能源消费结构、推进低碳技术进步、优化贸易结构、消化过剩产能.     

浒苔生物炭的特征及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特点和吸附机制

为使浒苔得到资源化利用,本研究采用慢速热解技术于不同温度下制备浒苔生物炭,并对其理化性质进行表征.结果表明,400℃时,浒苔裂解已达较高程度.浒苔生物炭产率及灰分含量与热解温度呈负相关,碳含量与热解温度呈正相关,其表面呈蜂窝状多孔结构,比表面积为44.54~317.82 m~2·g~(-1),表面含有丰富的羟基(—OH)和羧基(—COOH)等含氧官能团.吸附实验显示,浒苔生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型.表明浒苔生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附为单分子层化学吸附,主要受快速反应过程控制.浒苔生物炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的最适p H为2,吸附容量表现为BC400BC700BC600BC500BC300,其中BC400的吸附量为4.79 mg·g~(-1).浒苔生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机制主要包括生物炭与HCr O-4和Cr2O_2-7等阴离子之间的静电作用,以及生物炭表面—OH和—COOH等含氧官能团的络合作用.     

过硫酸钠原位修复三氯乙烯污染土壤的模拟研究

以过硫酸钠(Na₂S₂O₈)为氧化剂,柠檬酸(CA)螯合Fe(Ⅱ)溶液作为活化剂,建立箱体模型模拟场地三氯乙烯(TCE)污染土壤的原位化学氧化修复.结果表明,经CA螯合Fe(Ⅱ)活化的Na₂S₂O₈能较好的修复TCE污染土壤,持续氧化27 d后TCE浓度降到10 mg·kg^-1以下;采用抽出氧化、循环再用的方式,地下水TCE浓度到45 d时降到21.4 μg·L^-1.同时,氧化过程中过硫酸钠会产生SO₄^2-,使土壤和地下水的pH降低;土壤有机质含量下降约10.1%.     

含油污泥微乳化处理工艺研究

利用微乳化法对含油污泥进行资源化处理。通过对现场采得的SLGD含油污泥样品处理,得到该油泥的最佳微乳液组成为:SDS 0.16 g/mL,OTAC 0.04 g/mL,正丁醇0.47 g/mL,NaCl 0.034 g/mL,脱油率最高可达42.53%。最佳单次处理量为12 g(以10 mL水为基准);处理温度为30℃,最佳处理时间为30 min;在保证脱油率的前提下,微乳液可重复使用3次。     

Pb(II) removal from water using Fe-coated bamboo charcoal with the assistance of microwaves

Bamboo charcoal(BC) was used as starting material to prepare iron-modified bamboo charcoal(Fe-MBC) by its impregnation in FeCl 3 and HNO 3 solutions simultaneously,followed by microwave heating.The material can be used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) contaminants removal in water.The composites were prepared with Fe molar concentration of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mol/L and characterized by means of N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms,X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD),scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM-EDS),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and point of zero charge(pH pzc) measurements.Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the BET specific surface area and total pore volume increased with iron impregnation.The adsorbent with Fe molar concentration of 2 mol/L(2Fe-MBC) exhibited the highest surface area and produced the best pore structure.The Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption process of 2Fe-MBC and BC were evaluated in batch experiments and 2Fe-MBC showed an excellent adsorption capability for removal Pb(Ⅱ).The adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) strongly depended on solution pH,with maximum values at pH 5.0.The ionic strength had a significant effect on the adsorption at pH < 6.0.The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well,and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ) was 200.38 mg/g for 2Fe-MBC.The adsorption processes were well fitted by a pseudo second-order kinetic model.Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) onto Fe-MBC was feasible,spontaneous,and exothermic under the studied conditions,and the ion exchange mechanism played an significant role.These results have important implications for the design of low-cost and effective adsorbents in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater.     

Competitive sorption between 17α-ethinyl estradiol and bisphenol A/4-n-nonylphenol by soils

The sorption of 17α-ethinyl estradiol(EE2),bisphenol A(BPA),and 4-n-nonylphenol(NP) in single systems and the sorption of EE2 with different initial aqueous concentrations of BPA or NP were examined using three soils.Results showed that all sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fit the Freundlich model.The degree of nonlinearity was in the order BPA(0.537-0.686) > EE2(0.705-0.858) > NP(0.875-0.0.951) in single systems.The isotherm linearity index of EE2 sorption calculated by the Freundlich model for Loam,Silt Loam and Silt increased from 0.758,0.705 and 0.858,to 0.889,0.910 and 0.969,respectively,when BPA concentration increased from 0 to 1000 μg/L,but the effect of NP was comparably minimal.Additionally,EE2 significantly suppressed the sorption of BPA,but insignificantly suppressed that of NP.These findings can be attributed to the difference of sorption affinity of EE2,NP and BPA on the hard carbon(e.g.,black carbon) of soil organic matter that dominated the sorption in the low equilibrium aqueous concentration range of endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Competitive sorption among EDCs presents new challenges for predicting the transport and fate of EDCs under the influence of co-solutes.     

Decrease of NH4+-N by bacterioplankton accelerated the removal of cyanobacterial blooms in aerated aquatic ecosystem

We used aerated systems to assess the influence of the bacterioplankton community on cyanobacterial blooms in algae/post-bloom of Lake Taihu, China. Bacterioplankton community diversity was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) fingerprinting. Chemical analysis and nitrogen dynamic changes illustrated that NH4+-N was nitrified to NO2-N and NO3-N by bacterioplankton. Finally, NH4+-N was exhausted and NO3-N was denitrified to NO2-N, while the accumulation of NO2-N indicated that bacterioplankton with completely aerobic denitrification ability were lacking in the water samples collected from Lake Taihu. We suggested that adding completely aerobic denitrification bacteria(to denitrify NO2-N to N2)would improve the water quality. PCR-DGGE and sequencing results showed that more than 1/3 of the bacterial species were associated with the removal of nitrogen, and Acidovorax temperans was the dominant one. PCR-DGGE, variation of nitrogen, removal efciencies of chlorophyll-a and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the bacterioplankton significantly influenced the physiological and biochemical changes of cyanobacteria. Additionally, the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means revealed there was no obvious harm to the microecosystem from aeration. The present study demonstrated that bacterioplankton can play crucial roles in aerated ecosystems, which could control the impact of cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophicated fresh water systems.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.     

Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation method derived from environmental economy

Evaluation system can encourage and guide entrepreneurs, and impel them to perform well in environment management. An evaluation method based on advantage structure is established. It is used to analyze entrepreneur environment management behavior in China. Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation index system is constructed based on empirical research. Evaluation method of entrepreneurs is put forward, from the point of objective programming-theory to alert entrepreneurs concerned to think much of it, which means to take minimized objective function as comprehensive evaluation result and identify disadvantage structure pattern. Application research shows that overall behavior of Chinese entrepreneurs environmental management are good, specially, environment strategic behavior are best, environmental management behavior are second, cultural behavior ranks last. Application results show the efficiency and feasibility of this method.     

Research on the evolvement of morphology of coking coal during the coking process

The evolvement of morphology and structure of the coal with different metamorphic degrees during coking process in the vertical furnace was investigated by infrared Image detector. Moreover, the temperature distribution in the radial direction and the crack formation were also studied in heating process. The results show that the amount of crack and the shrinkage level of char decrease with the coal rank rising. In addition, the initial temperature of crack formation for char increases with the coal rank rising.