城市污水处理厂中全氟化合物的存在及去除效果研究

建立了一种基于超高效液相色谱/串联质谱的方法,实现了对北京3个污水处理厂污水中12种全氟化合物(PFCs)的快速、灵敏地定量分析.结果表明,城市污水处理厂进水和出水中短链的全氟丁酸(PFBA)、全氟戊酸(PFPA)和全氟丁磺酸(PFBS)是主要污染物,其中出水中PFBs的质量浓度高达253 ng/L.污水生物处理后,出...     

Organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments and suspended particulate matters from the Yangtze estuary, China

Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in surface sediments (SS) ranged from 0.5 to 17.5 ng g⁻¹ and from 0.9 to 33.1 ng g⁻¹, averaged 6.0 and 8.2 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in suspended particulate matters (SPM) varied from 6.2 to 14.8 ng g⁻¹ with a mean value of 12.3 ng g⁻¹ and were from 3.4 to 25.7 ng g⁻¹ with an average of 16.4 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Lindane is the main HCHs' source and continuing use in the Yangtze Delta areas of ‘pure’ γ-HCH (lindane) rather than technical HCH (a mix of largely α- and some γ-HCH). DDTs in SS are mainly accumulated in history. However, high DDT fractions in SPM are indicators of new input of typical dicofol type DDT from 2002 to 2004. It can be seen that most samples from the Yangtze estuary were in ranges where adverse biological effects are expected, either occasionally or frequently.     

Two comparative approaches to identify the conservation priority areas impacted by heavy metals on Yellow Sea coasts

This study aimed to develop a practical approach to identify the priority areas with ecological significance along highly human disturbed coastal areas. Field surveys were used to assess and complement to the results of the remote sensing (RS)-based analysis. The RS-based biodiversity hotspot (BH) identification process was accomplished in three steps. The lands with native vegetation cover, including the national natural reserve lands, were first selected as the baseline BHs (BBHs). Then, after assigning resistance coefficients to each land use, the least accumulative cost (LAC) of the BBHs was calculated by distance analysis, while the normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) from the Landsat Thematic Mapper was reclassified into 20 grades based on the Euclidean distance to the main anthropogenic sources. Finally, the RS-based BH identification was realized through the logistic calculation of LAC less than a series of thresholds and NDVI more than 10. While the field survey-based BH identification was through the logistic calculation between HM potential ecological risks of low to moderate and BHs acquired by NDVI-based integrated assessments. The results proved that RS-based analysis could be an important surrogate for necessary field surveys to manage BHs along coasts.     

土壤水分胁迫对花生籽仁矿质元素含量的影响

选用我国北方地区近年来选育或推广应用的29个花生品种（系）,采用全生育期内人工控水盆栽试验,设置正常供水（控制整个生育期土壤含水量为田间持水量的75%~80%）和中度干旱胁迫（控制土壤含水量为田间持水量的45%~50%）2个水分处理。收获后分析籽仁中铁、锌、锰、铝、镉等微量元素和钙、镁、钾、磷、氮等主要矿物质元素含量。结果表明,花生籽仁中铅、铬含量极低,未能检测出;品种间各微量和其他矿质元素含量均存在明显差异,微量元素中,铝平均含量最高,锰含量最低,铁和锌含量居中。干旱使花生籽仁中除铝之外的铁、锌、镉、锰微量元素含量显著增加,尤其是铁,其含量是浇水条件下的2.9倍,其次是镉,为浇水条件下的2.4倍,锌也达1.6倍;但干旱使籽仁中钙、镁含量降低,氮、磷、钾3元素的变化不大,两处理间差异不明显;两处理中除锌元素外其余矿质元素含量间的相关系数间均呈显著或极显著相关关系,镁、锰和镉三元素间的相关系数最大,均在0.95以上,钙次之,磷最小。表明土壤干旱可提高花生籽仁中铁、锌、镉、锰微量元素含量,且微量矿质元素协同效应明显;土壤湿润降低花生籽仁中磷、钾元素与其他矿质元素间的相关关系。     

Advanced materials: adsorbent and catalyst for environmental application

With the economic growth,the environmental pollution is still a challenge for sustainable development all over the world.In order to prevent,reduce and remediate the various environmental problems,it is crucial to develop innovative and efficient materials to remove and decompose pollutants from air or water in that the efficient adsorbents and catalysts are playing an important role in the process of physical and chemical reactions.Therefore,the editors of FESE proposed to publish one special issue,and report the original research and review papers about advanced adsorbents and catalysts that are potentially or widely applied in environmental protection.     

鞍山市地震应急避难场所建设现状调查与分析

本文介绍了地震应急避难场所的规划原则,鞍山城市紧急避难场所建设现状。分析了鞍山市目前地震应急避难场所规划建设的情况,避难场所的配套设施及疏散通道,并且对加强长期应急避难场所的规划与建设提出建议。本文对提高城市综合防灾减灾能力有一定的参考意义。     

上海市城乡梯度上土壤重金属空间分布及其影响因素定量分析

提出了两种上海市城乡梯度上土壤重金属空间格局及影响因素的研究方法:缓冲区分析方法和滑动窗口分析方法.缓冲区分析的结果表明,人口变化指数及2~3 km范围内的建设用地比例能显著影响Cd和Cu的空间分布(p0.05),而3 km范围内的道路密度显著影响Pb的浓度.滑动窗口分析的结果表明,Cd和Cu主要受工业活动的影响,而Pb受交通流量,以及反映城市景观扩张过程的景观形状指数的影响.相关分析表明,两种方式揭示了较为相似的土壤重金属空间累积影响因素,即工业活动相关的城市化过程.研究对理解城市化的发生机制及其重金属环境风险的管理有重要意义.     

曝气器工业化性能测试研究

对7种曝气器产品分别进行了单盘耐用性生产试验、单盘清水充氧性能试验以及对在大生产试验期间的服务面积、供气量、阻力变化、停气后阻力变化、曝气强度等方面进行了测试对比工作。试验表明,中微孔曝气器的各种性能指标明显优于大孔曝气器,可显著提高混合液中氧的吸收率。