● Microwave-assisted catalytic NH3-SCR reaction over spinel oxides is carried out. ● SCR reaction temperature is tremendously lowered in microwave field. ● NO conversion of NiMn2O4 is highly up to 90.6% at 70°C under microwave heating. Microwave-assisted selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was investigated over Ni-based metal oxides. The NiMn2O4 and NiCo2O4 catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and their activities were evaluated as potential candidate catalysts for low-temperature NH3-SCR in a microwave field. The physicochemical properties and structures of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2-physisorption, NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field, H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). The results verified that microwave radiation reduced the reaction temperature required for NH3-SCR compared to conventional heating, which needed less energy. For the NiMn2O4 catalyst, the catalytic efficiency exceeded 90% at 70 °C and reached 96.8% at 110 °C in the microwave field. Meanwhile, the NiMn2O4 also exhibited excellent low-temperature NH3-SCR reaction performance under conventional heating conditions, which is due to the high BET specific surface area, more suitable redox property, good NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field and rich acidic sites. 相似文献
● Fundamentals of membrane fouling are comprehensively reviewed.● Contribution of thermodynamics on revealing membrane fouling mechanism is summarized.● Quantitative approaches toward thermodynamic fouling mechanisms are deeply analyzed.● Inspirations of thermodynamics for membrane fouling mitigation are briefly discussed.● Research prospects on thermodynamics and membrane fouling are forecasted. Membrane technology is widely regarded as one of the most promising technologies for wastewater treatment and reclamation in the 21st century. However, membrane fouling significantly limits its applicability and productivity. In recent decades, research on the membrane fouling has been one of the hottest spots in the field of membrane technology. In particular, recent advances in thermodynamics have substantially widened people’s perspectives on the intrinsic mechanisms of membrane fouling. Formulation of fouling mitigation strategies and fabrication of anti-fouling membranes have both benefited substantially from those studies. In the present review, a summary of the recent results on the thermodynamic mechanisms associated with the critical adhesion and filtration processes during membrane fouling is provided. Firstly, the importance of thermodynamics in membrane fouling is comprehensively assessed. Secondly, the quantitative methods and general factors involved in thermodynamic fouling mechanisms are critically reviewed. Based on the aforementioned information, a brief discussion is presented on the potential applications of thermodynamic fouling mechanisms for membrane fouling control. Finally, prospects for further research on thermodynamic mechanisms underlying membrane fouling are presented. Overall, the present review offers comprehensive and in-depth information on the thermodynamic mechanisms associated with complex fouling behaviors, which will further facilitate research and development in membrane technology. 相似文献