苯的蒸气云爆炸伤害分析

介绍了蒸气云爆炸事故机理以及4种方法研究蒸气云爆炸破坏力的影响范围,并根据TNT当量法和TNO建议,计算苯蒸气云燃烧爆炸冲击波的影响范围,即确定死亡半径、重伤半径、轻伤半径及财产损失半径,为企业和政府的应急救援提供帮助。     

稠油高效降解菌的降解特性及其应用

以稠油为唯一碳源,对细菌B0501、B0505和B0510的降解特性进行了分析,结果表明3株菌对稠油的不同组分具有不同程度的降解能力,其中B0505对烷烃、B0510对芳香烃以及B0501对胶质和沥青质的去除率较高,分别为42.26%、35.30%和40.76%;混合菌协同作用强化了稠油组分的降解,3株菌株组合对烷烃、芳香烃以及胶质沥青质的降解率分别达到44.23%、38.56%和62.12%;微生物对稠油降解过程符合一级动力学方程,其中3株菌株组合对稠油降解的速率最快,半衰期(t_1/2)为5.36 d。将微生物应用于稠油废水处理实践,结果表明外源微生物的投加强化了废水中COD的去除率;GC-MS图谱及降解前后有机成分分析进一步佐证了微生物对稠油废水中有机成分的降解能力。     

基于改进GMM算法的林火烟雾识别研究

针对森林火灾烟雾场景光照突变时传统混合高斯模型(GMM)无法适应的问题,提出基于改进GMM的林火烟雾识别算法。通过六足机器人平台上的CCD摄像机读取当前帧图像,与混合高斯模型建立的前一个背景图像作差分得到变化区域,计算二值化后的变化区域中像素值为1的像素点占总像素点的比例,与设定的阈值相比较从而判别森林火灾场景中的光照是否发生突变。若场景内光照发生突变,采用一个较大的更新速率α,保持模型的稳定性;若场景内光照未发生突变,根据不同的情况自适应调整更新速率α的值,保证模型快速收敛。实验表明,改进的GMM算法可检测到场景中相对完整的动态烟雾区域,满足林火烟雾的检测要求,以期为图像处理在森林火灾巡检机器人上的应用和进一步研究提供参考。     

复合人工湿地处理稠油废水研究

针对新疆油田稠油废水的水质特点,结合克拉玛依地区戈壁、荒漠地自然环境特征,研究建立油田废水人工湿地处理技术模式,设计"复合流人工湿地—兼(好)氧组合生物塘—生态滤池"(WPF)复合人工湿地系统,介绍WPF系统的工艺流程、结构设计,并进行了经济评估。     

Improvement of Ecological Footprint Method and Application in Henan Province

1 INTRODUCTIONSustainability has now become a universal policy goal atleast in the official rhetoric. Indicators of sustainabledevelopment might give policy-makers and the factorsralpublic some feeling of whether a country is moving in amore or less sustainable direction. Leading approaches tomeasure sustainable development are reintroduced andreviewed, and different types of indicators to measuresustainable development are classified into three majortypes:(1) indicators based on system th…     

Improvement of Ecological Footprint Method and Application in Henan Province

Abstract

The measure of sustainable development has always been an important and difficulty subject, and the major evaluation model has three types: indicators based on system theory and methods, indicators relied on economic valuation of the environment, sustainability indicators including biophysical assessments. The ecological footprint analysis initiated by William E. Rees, one of the indicators including biophysical assessments, gets rid of the defects of the other models. Ecological footprint has gradually become popular on account of the measuring indexes based on scientific theory, innovative thought-way and its wide adaptability. This paper introduces the conception and computation method, making a progress and making up for the method of ecological footprint, and finally, makes an application analyses through Henan province regional sustainable development.     

典型油田区油污土壤微生物群落区域性分布研究

石油污染改变土壤微生态环境,驱动了土壤微生物群落结构的演替与进化.为了深入探究油田区油污土壤中微生物群落分布特征,揭示区域性的土壤微生物群落结构成因,采用Miseq平台的16S rDNA扩增子测序技术分析了辽河油田和大庆油田区6组共计18个土壤样品的微生物群落多样性及结构组成,并结合土壤环境因子指标剖析了群落结构成因,进而预测了具有石油代谢能力的功能菌属.结果表明,石油含量随着距井口距离增加而减少,石油的空间分布特征是影响微生物群落结构变化的关键因子,6组土壤样品的OTU分属于49门、131纲、169目、328科和564属,微生物种群多样性随着污油浓度的增加而减小;两油田共有5个相同优势菌门,2种优势菌属;辽河油田区独特优势菌门为Saccharibacteria门,优势菌属为微枝形杆菌属（Microvirga）、分支杆菌属（Mycobacterium）和Defluviicoccus属;大庆油田独特优势菌门为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）,独特优势菌属包括盐单胞菌属（Halomonas）、食烷菌属（Alcanivorax）和海杆菌属（Marinobacter）等.冗余分析（RDA）结果表明污油组成是微生物群落差异性分布的决定性因素,胶质的高含量与强毒性诱导辽河油田区微生物群落获得较强的胁迫抗性;同时区域生态环境背景差异也是影响微生物群落整体胁迫抗性的重要因子.结合PICRUSt分析预测,共发现2种辽河油田区和5种大庆油田区石油功能降解优势菌属,为石油降解功能菌剂的种质资源的高效开发提供目标菌株.     

铁屑微电解法处理蓄电池生产中含铅酸废水

介绍铁屑微电解法处理蓄电池含铅废酸水的新工艺,经运行实践表明,该工艺对处理含铅废酸水,具有工艺简单可靠,处理稳定效率高,针对性强,经济效益明显,排放水水质达国家废水排放标准。     

Combination of the direct electro-Fenton process and bioremediation for the treatment of pyrene-contaminated soil in a slurry reactor

A combined treatment technology (DEF-BIO) using the direct electro-Fenton (DEF) process and bioremediation (BIO) was established in this study. The performance of the DEF-BIO process on the remediation of a pyrene (PYR)-contaminated soil was evaluated in a slurry reactor. The appropriate order of application was to conduct the DEF process followed by BIO, evaluated through analysis of the degradation characteristics of each process individually. In addition, the application time of the DEF process affected the efficiency of the combined process. The optimum time to apply the DEF process was determined through an analysis of the induced changes in PYR intermediates, pH, soil organic matter (SOM) and bacteria. The optimum application time of the DEF process was 6 h. All the induced changes were beneficial for the BIO phase. The removal of PYR was 91.02% for DEF–BIO after 72 h, and the efficiency was almost 50% increased, compared with the individual DEF and BIO treatments. Therefore, the combined process of DEF–BIO process may be an efficient and promising method for the remediation.     

模糊综合评价在焦化企业安全评价中的应用

结合焦化企业生产单元事故发生的特点,运用模糊综合评判理论,对焦化企业生产单元安全系统进行分析。综合考虑影响焦化企业生产单元安全的各种因素,确定焦化企业生产单元安全评价指标体系。采用层次分析法确定权重可以保证得出的焦化企业生产单元安全模糊综合评价模型更具有有效性。