城市河流在城市生态建设中的意义和应用方法

城市河流是城市生态系统的重要组分之一。本文分析了城市河流在城市生态建设中的水源地,减弱城市热岛效应和洪涝灾害,绿地建设基地,景观多样性的组成,物种多样性保护,组成捷交通,亲近自然场所,自然教育标本等方面的多种意义,指出保持河流的自然地貌特征,维持自然水文过程,控制城市河流水污染,综合规划城市河流与城市建设的关系是发挥城市河流在城市生态系统中作用的基本方法。     

基于欧洲航天局“哨兵-2A”卫星的太湖蓝藻遥感监测

欧洲航天局(ESA)2015年6月23日成功发射"哨兵-2A"卫星,该卫星搭载的多光谱成像仪(MSI)在可见光(VIS)至短波红外(SWIR)波长区间配置了多种光谱波段/地面分辨率组合,可以获取大范围、较短重访周期、较高空间分辨率(10 m)的遥感影像。以太湖2016年6月13日MSI数据为例,在完成大气校正的基础上,分析了太湖典型地物类型光谱特征,采用归一化植被指数(NDVI)结合叶绿素反射峰强度(ρchl)构建的综合阈值法对贡湖湾的蓝藻水华信息进行了提取实验。结果表明:"哨兵-2A"卫星MSI影像质量清晰,可精细地反映植被、蓝藻、水体等典型地物类型的光谱特征;ρchl指数对中-高蓝藻聚集区与水生植被、轻度蓝藻聚集区与混合水体具有较好的分离能力;利用综合阈值法提取贡湖湾中-高蓝藻聚集区面积为60.37 km2,主要分布在贡湖北部沿岸、湖心和南部沿岸。"藻-水"混悬体面积为79.49 km2,贡湖湾东部蓝藻水华相对较轻。     

Dense Polyacrylic Acid-Immobilized Polypropylene Non-woven Fabrics Prepared Via UV-Induced Photograft Technique for the Recovery of Rare Earth Ions from Aqueous Solution

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this work, a novel and easy-separating rare earth adsorbent (PAA/PPNWF) was successfully synthesized by generating dense polyacrylic acid (PAA) on the...     

Hemoglobin (Hb) immobilized on amino-modified magnetic nanoparticles for the catalytic removal of bisphenol A

Catalytic removal of bisphenol A from aqueous solution with hemoglobin immobilized on amino-modified magnetic nanoparticles as an enzyme catalyst was reported. The amino-modified magnetite nanoparticles were firstly prepared by the coprecipitation of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ with NH₃·H₂O and then modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The immobilization process was optimized by examining enzyme concentration, glutaraldehyde concentration, cross-link time, and immobilization time. The optimum conditions for the removal of bisphenol A with immobilized hemoglobin were also investigated. Under the optimality conditions, the removal efficiency of bisphenol A was about 80.3%. The immobilization had a beneficial effect on the stability of hemoglobin and conversions of bisphenol A. According to the proposed breakdown pathway and the intermediates, the enzyme-catalytic removal of bisphenol A by the immobilized hemoglobin is considered to be an effective method.     

Source separation of municipal solid waste: The effects of different separation methods and citizens’ inclination—case study of Changsha,China

A case study on the source separation of municipal solid waste (MSW) was performed in Changsha, the capital city of Hunan Province, China. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of different separation methods and compare their effects with citizens’ attitudes and inclination. An effect evaluation method based on accuracy rate and miscellany rate was proposed to study the performance of different separation methods. A large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted to determine citizens’ attitudes and inclination toward source separation. Survey result shows that the vast majority of respondents hold consciously positive attitudes toward participation in source separation. Moreover, the respondents ignore the operability of separation methods and would rather choose the complex separation method involving four or more subclassed categories. For the effects of separation methods, the site experiment result demonstrates that the relatively simple separation method involving two categories (food waste and other waste) achieves the best effect with the highest accuracy rate (83.1%) and the lowest miscellany rate (16.9%) among the proposed experimental alternatives. The outcome reflects the inconsistency between people’s environmental awareness and behavior. Such inconsistency and conflict may be attributed to the lack of environmental knowledge. Environmental education is assumed to be a fundamental solution to improve the effect of source separation of MSW in Changsha. Important management tips on source separation, including the reformation of the current pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) system, are presented in this work.

Implications: A case study on the source separation of municipal solid waste was performed in Changsha. An effect evaluation method based on accuracy rate and miscellany rate was proposed to study the performance of different separation methods. The site experiment result demonstrates that the two-category (food waste and other waste) method achieves the best effect. The inconsistency between people’s inclination and the effect of source separation exists. The proposed method can be expanded to other cities to determine the most effective separation method during planning stages or to evaluate the performance of running source separation systems.     

复合构建湿地运行初期理化性质及氮的变化

研究了在间歇式进水条件下，复合构建湿地系统对氮的去除效果，阐述了湿度要、溶氧、pH等理化因子变化的原因。实验初期，系统尚处于不稳定时期，对N的去除不够理想。随着筚驼逐步步和稳定状态，对KN、NH4^ 、N、NO2^-有明显的去除效果，平均去除率分别为50％、66％和71％。硝化－反硝化作用是氨氮去除的主要途径。从总体上看，有植物系统中硝态氮的出水含量较对照系统同，说明间歇式进水以及植物的存在都有利于硝化作用的发生。实验发现，复合构建湿地在冬季仍能较好地改善水质，是一种有效的水链管理对策，对受污水体水质改善和水生态系统恢复具有重要意义。     

1984—2015年太湖地区大气能见度变化遥感监测与评价

研究收集整理了1984—2015年太湖区域342幅Landsat系列卫星遥感影像,利用ENVI软件FLAASH模块计算获取了区域大气能见度均值,通过太湖周边苏州、无锡、常州3市地面自动站能见度监测值加以验证,并在此基础上对1984—2015年该地区大气能见度遥感监测结果进行了分析与评价。研究结果表明：太湖地区在20世纪80年代能见度水平相对较好,20世纪90年代后逐渐下滑,总体呈下降趋势。2015年遥感反演能见度均值为14.80 km,与1984年的21.46 km相比下降了31.05%,下降速率约为0.21 km/a。     

确保水源安全:关乎民生的庄严承诺

国家环保总局局长周生贤日前在接受媒体采访时提到,“减少污染物排放,让人民群众喝上干净的水,是人民政府对人民的庄严承诺,必须以忧患之心对待水污染防治,加大防治水污染工作的力度,努力改善水环境质量,保证‘十一五’规划水污染防治目标的实现”。     

时髦手袋:塑料袋的新贵身份

塑料袋作为“白色污染”的元凶之一,要完全降解消失大概需要一千年。目前,全球塑料袋泛滥成灾,亚洲的“灾情”尤其严重。以拥有2200万人口的台湾地区为例,每年就要用掉200亿只塑料袋,相当于每人900多只。如果按现在的使用数量计算,恐怕到第一个塑料袋消失之前,人类目力所及的地方都已经布满了塑料袋。     

我国安全类人才培养中的职业卫生教育探讨

1在我国安全类专业人才培养中加强职业卫生教育的必要性建国以来,我国在职业病方面取得了一些成效,但是职业病危害形势依然十分严峻,