Effect of applying persulfate on the accumulation of arsenic in rice plants grown in arsenic-contaminated paddy soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic is known to be a notorious human carcinogen and rice consumption is becoming the primary human exposure route for As, especially in many Asian...     

全球化背景下的国际合作与可持续发展

资源和环境问题是人类在实现可持续发展目标过程中面临的共同难题 ,任何国家都不能置身其外。集团和国家利益使人们对可持续发展的认识、实现可持续发展的责任、途径等产生分歧。基于共同利益的国际合作是实现人类可持续发展的必由之路     

城市垃圾场空间扩张遥感监测——以贵阳市高雁垃圾场为例

为研究垃圾场对城市发展的影响,利用2002、2006、2010、2013、2015和2016年6个时相的高分辨率遥感影像,通过目视解译监测贵阳市高雁垃圾场的时空扩张动态。以1︰10 000地形图为参考的多项式方法进行几何校正基础上,采用目视解译方法提取各时相的垃圾场占地区域,并分析高雁垃圾场扩张特征。在此基础上,通过GIS的空间分析功能,结合实地调查进行垃圾场的人口影响分析。结果表明,贵阳高雁垃圾场空间扩展迅速,垃圾场堆积区面积从2002年的5.4 hm~2扩展到2016年的46.5 hm~2,新增面积超过40 hm~2,年均新增面积超过2.9 hm~2约54%。垃圾场影响的人口数量超过10万,显著影响了区域的大气、水和植被。最后,遥感对中国的城市垃圾场监测具有重要作用,在遥感监测基础上,掌握垃圾场演变动态,能够为城市乃至区域可持续发展提供参考。     

Accumulation and remobilization of metals in superficial sediments in Tianjin, China

The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in superficial sediment samples collected from three representative sites (Yuqiao Reservoir, Haihe River, and Haihe River Estuary) in Tianjin, North China, were analyzed using various single extraction and sequential extraction procedures to determine their remobilization, extractability, and distribution patterns. Sediments from the Haihe River had higher metal concentrations and geo-accumulation indices, especially for Cd and Zn, than sediments from the other two sites, suggesting that the Haihe River has been heavily influenced by anthropogenic activities. In addition, over 31% and 28.2% of the total Cd in the Haihe River and the Yuqiao Reservoir, respectively, and 18.2% of the total Zn in the Haihe River were found to be associated with the exchangeable form, indicating the significant remobilization of Cd and Zn when compared with Cr and Ni. However, over 98% of the Ni and 78% of the Cr were most closely associated with the residue and oxidizable fractions, which resulted in their becoming environmentally immobile. Based on the Environmental Protection Agency method 3050B, Cd and Zn had the greatest extraction efficiency when a single extraction procedure using 0.5-mol L^???1 HCl, 0.43-mol L^???1 HAcO, and 0.05-mol L^???1 ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid was conducted, with extraction yields of up to 72%, 68%, and 56% for Cd and 50%, 49%, and 29% for Zn, respectively, being obtained for the Haihe River sediments. This was followed by the yields of Cu and Pb and, finally, those of unpolluted metals such as Cr and Ni. HCl and acetic acid extraction provided equivalent information for predicting Cd and Zn mobility in the sediments studied and produced suitable results for quick screening.     

Water extraction kinetics of metals, arsenic and dissolved organic carbon from industrial contaminated poplar leaves

In industrial areas, tree leaves contaminated by metals and metalloids could constitute a secondary source of pollutants. In the present study, water extraction kinetics of inorganic elements （IE： Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe and Mn）, dissolved organic carbon, pH and biological activity were studied for industrial contaminated poplar leaves. Moreover, the distribution of the IE through the size fractions of the associated top soil was measured. High quantities ofMn, Zn and As and polysaccharides were released in the solution from the strongly contaminated leaves. The kinetic of release varied with time and metal type. The solution pH decreased while dissolved organic contents increased with time after 30 days. Therefore, these contaminated leaves could constitute a source of more available organic metals and metalloids than the initial inorganic process particles. However, the distribution of the IE through the size fractions of the top soil suggested that a great part of the released IE was adsorbed, reducing in consequence their transfers and bioavailability. It＇s concluded that mobility/boioavailability and speciation of metals and metalloids released from the decomposition of polluted tree leaves depends on soil characteristics, pollutant type and litter composition, with consequences for environmental risk assessment.     

冬季德州市大气颗粒物消光与化学组成关系研究

为了深入探究华北地区冬季大气颗粒物的消光特性和化学组分之间的关系,本研究于2017年11月—2018年1月在山东省德州市平原县对大气颗粒物消光和化学组成进行了连续在线观测.运用多元线性回归方法和MIE散射模型定量分析了颗粒物各化学组成对颗粒物消光的贡献,进一步地,利用高分辨飞行时间气溶胶质谱(HR-ToF-AMS)结合正矩阵因子解析模型(PMF)得出二次气溶胶(OOA)、生物质燃烧有机气溶胶(BBOA)、还原性气溶胶(HOA)、燃煤燃烧排放的有机气溶胶(CCOA)的浓度,并进一步结合线性回归模型得到OOA、BBOA、HOA、CCOA对消光的贡献.结果显示元素碳(EC)是颗粒物吸光的最主要贡献者, OOA、BBOA和CCOA对颗粒物吸光也具有一定贡献,这主要是由于二次生成和一次排放的棕色碳的吸光造成的.颗粒物各组分与散射关系的分析结果表明,有机物对颗粒物散射影响最大,其中OOA的散射截面最大,对颗粒物散射的贡献也最高,可以占到总散射的53.4%.颗粒物中有机物对大气总消光的贡献可达75.5%,其中OOA、BBOA、CCOA和HOA对总消光的贡献分别为47.8%、14.7%、9.0%、4.0%. Mie散射的结果与多元回归结果比较一致,但部分时间段偏差较大,因此在不同的研究中应根据不同情况选择研究方法.     

垃圾处理园区周边土壤-地下水重金属分布特征

测定并分析生活垃圾综合处理园区周边剖面土壤-地下水中重金属（Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、As、Cd和Hg）的含量结果表明,在土壤水的对流、扩散作用下重金属在各点位土壤剖面中均存在明显的纵向迁移现象,同时土壤介质的吸附、拦截等阻滞作用导致重金属主要富集于150~200cm中层土壤中.该区域土壤中重金属虽有积累但尚未超标,垃圾焚烧飞灰沉降导致上游点位土壤中重金属含量高于另外两个距离更近的下游点位;而园区邻近地下水中Zn、Ni含量相对其他远距离点位明显增加,且Zn含量超出了地下水质量标准,推测是由垃圾渗滤液下渗的影响所致.借助高通量测序手段分析发现,不同深度土壤及地下水之间的微生物群落结构存在显著差异（p<0.01）,由于还存在其他土壤环境要素的作用,土壤中大部分微生物群落受重金属影响较小,而地下水中微生物群落明显受到垃圾渗滤液中重金属Zn、Ni富集的影响.本研究可为垃圾综合处理园区的土壤-地下水系统污染风险评估奠定基础,为其环境安全管理提供科学指导.     

2013—2018年北京市大气PM2.5持续高暴露对居民因病入院的急性影响

为探讨以细颗粒物（PM_2.5）持续高浓度暴露为特征的大气污染事件对于人群因病入院的急性影响,收集2013—2018年北京市大气PM_2.5浓度、气象因素数据和人群因病入院数据,以PM_2.5浓度〔75.0 μg/m3、150.0 μg/m3、第95百分位数（205.8 μg/m3）〕和持续时间（≥2 d、≥3 d）联合定义6种持续高暴露情景,采用基于quasi-Poisson回归的广义相加模型开展时间序列分析,获得不同情景下PM_2.5对人群因病入院的急性影响.结果表明:①对于全人群研究发现,相较于非持续高暴露情景,持续2 d及以上的重污染（PM_2.5浓度>150.0 μg/m3）情景引起非意外总疾病和心脑血管系统疾病的发病风险均显著增加,增幅分别为5.0%（95% CI,1.2%~9.0%）和5.6%（95% CI,1.8%~9.5%）.②亚组人群分层分析发现,持续2 d及以上的重污染情景下,男性、女性、0~64岁、65~74岁、75岁及以上等亚组人群的非意外总疾病和心脑血管系统疾病的发病风险均显著增加;当出现极端PM_2.5暴露浓度（>205.8 μg/m3）且持续3 d以及上时,女性和0~64岁、65~74岁人群的非意外总疾病和心脑血管系统疾病的发病风险均显著增加.③因呼吸系统疾病入院分析发现,仅在PM_2.5浓度>150 μg/m3且持续时间≥2 d的情景下,观察到0~64岁人群的发病风险显著增加,增幅为3.4%（95% CI,0.2%~6.6%）.研究显示,以PM_2.5持续高暴露为特征的大气污染事件对人群因病入院有显著影响.      

辽河三角洲土地利用变化轨迹、驱动过程及生态系统服务时空演变

辽河三角洲位于"辽宁沿海经济带",拥有重要的自然保护区和保存完好的大面积芦苇沼泽和以盐地碱蓬为主的潮间带盐沼,栖息着多种濒危物种.1980年以来,农业开发、水产养殖、油气开采活动加剧,使得该区域生态环境发生巨变.本研究分析了1980—2010年,辽河三角洲土地利用时空变化轨迹及驱动过程,并应用InVEST模型模拟了碳储存、生境质量、水质净化3种生态系统服务的时空变化,在此基础上进一步分析了土地利用变化与生态系统服务的关系.研究结果表明:辽河三角洲地区土地利用变化以围垦、修复、淤积3种驱动为主,社会经济驱动主导,自然驱动明显.碳储量和生境质量呈下降趋势,而水质净化功能波动变化.土地利用和生态系统服务相关性表明湿地可以提供较高水平的3种生态服务功能,而生态服务功能低的区域则多与建设用地重合.在规划保护区或实施保护性修复措施时,应优先考虑3种生态系统服务的高价值区域,以实现高效、经济的生态环境保护.