管式电除尘器"伞形罩"结构特性研究

在高温、高湿窑炉烟气条件下,采用立式管式电除尘器“伞形罩”结构,能够解决其清灰不力、二次扬尘、除尘效率不稳定等问题。本研究了“伞形罩”结构的除尘机理及效率及清灰力度影响因素、抑制二次扬尘机制。研究结果表明,“伞形罩”结构除尘效率因集尘表面积的增加而提高;应用支铁框架式振打方式,振打强度明显加强;其分流机制能有效地抑制二次扬尘：从而为“伞形罩”结构的优化设计提供了依据。     

Modelling and Prediction of Diesel Engine Performance using Relevance Vector Machine

Diesel engines are being increasingly adopted by many car manufacturers today, yet no exact mathematical diesel engine model exists due to its highly nonlinear nature. In the current literature, black-box identification has been widely used for diesel engine modelling and many artificial neural network (ANN) based models have been developed. However, ANN has many drawbacks such as multiple local minima, user burden on selection of optimal network structure, large training data size, and over-fitting risk. To overcome these drawbacks, this article proposes to apply an emerging machine learning technique, relevance vector machine (RVM), to model and predict the diesel engine performance. The property of global optimal solution of RVM allows the model to be trained using only a few experimental data sets. In this study, the inputs of the model are engine speed, load, and cooling water temperature, while the output parameters are the brake-specific fuel consumption and the amount of exhaust emissions like nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. Experimental results show that the model accuracy is satisfactory even the training data is scarce. Moreover, the model accuracy is compared with that using typical ANN. Evaluation results also show that RVM is superior to typical ANN approach.     

我国环境中电磁场的监测方法及限值标准的发展

我国早期有些关于环境电磁场的监测方法和控制限值的国家标准已经不能适应时代发展的需要,存在诸多的不足。为了更好地保护环境,保障人体健康,国家分别于2013年和2014年发布了《交流输变电工程电磁环境监测方法(试行)》(HJ 681-2013)和《电磁环境控制限值》(GB8702-2014)。结束了在工频电磁场环境监测中无明确监测方法和评价标准可依的历史,对高频电磁场的限值也给出了更详细的规定。本文系统地介绍了我国环境电磁场的监测方法和限值标准的发展过程。     

基于不同强度等级混凝土的动力学特性研究

基于TAW-2000D电液伺服岩石三轴仪和直径75 mm的霍普金森压杆试验装置,得到了C25,C35和C45混凝土在静、动载荷作用下的应力-应变曲线,探讨了混凝土强度等级、动态峰值强度、峰值应变和应变率之间的变化规律。结果表明:混凝土准静态应力-应变曲线和动态应力-应变曲线在形态上存在明显差异,动态应力-应变曲线的峰值点随应变率的增大向右上方移动,线弹性阶段各曲线斜率变化不明显;动态峰值应力、动态弹性模量和峰值应变均存在不同程度的率相关性,并且混凝土材料的应变率敏感性随其强度等级的提高而增强;混凝土C45的各力学指标对应变率的敏感性最强,C35次之,C25的应变率敏感性最弱;推导了应变率与强度等级和冲击速率之间的经验公式,三者之间存在非线性变化规律。     

广州城市生态环境变化

对广州城市生态环境因子的大气，水，固体废弃物和噪声污染状况近十年数据结合广州城市发展，分析其环境污染变化特征，结果表明，广州市大气环境污染已由煤烟型向石油型转变;环境中有机污染严重，主要表现为氨氮，BOD5，砷化物和汞化物污染，固体垃圾产出量逐年增加，声环境在逐步好转。     

突发环境污染风险的分区防范研究

随着经济迅猛发展,突发重大环境污染事件呈现频发趋势。这往往给人民群众的生命、健康及财产造成巨大的损失和严重的环境破坏。合理的风险防范对策在一定程度上可以大大减小环境污染的风险及可能造成的损失。结合环境风险的理论与实践,系统地提出区域突发环境污染风险的防范体系和分区防范策略。以上海市闵行区为例,开展区域突发环境污染风险分区,并在此基础上提出不同分区突发环境污染风险的防范措施与对策,以期降低风险、减少损失。     

LFG控制利用工程基本参数的试验研究

通过深圳市玉龙坑垃圾填埋场的现场抽气试验。本文进行了填埋气本安全控制与回收利用工程基本参数的研究。     

内质网应激介导的凋亡在PBDE-47致大鼠海马损伤中的作用

为了明确内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)介导的凋亡在2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenylether,PBDE-47)致大鼠神经毒性中的作用,在脑发育的突增期(出生第10天),分别用0 mg·kg~(-1)、1 mg·kg~(-1)、5 mg·kg~(-1)和10mg·kg~(-1)PBDE-47进行单次灌胃染毒,并从出生第8天开始每天给予150 mg·kg~(-1)ERS抑制剂4-苯基丁酸(phenylbutyric acid,PBA),持续3周。仔鼠出生第8周末,从对照组、10 mg·kg~(-1)PBDE-47处理组、150 mg·kg~(-1)PBA处理组和150 mg·kg~(-1)PBA+10mg·kg~(-1)PBDE处理组中随机选取8只大鼠进行水迷宫实验。然后将所有动物断头处死,分离大鼠海马组织,观察其海马组织形态学改变、测定ERS标志分子(GRP78、IRE1和CHOP)和凋亡相关蛋白Cyt c的表达水平。结果显示,10 mg·kg~(-1)PBDE-47处理可导致雌性大鼠海马CA4区细胞排列紊乱、锥形神经细胞数量减少甚至消失,尼氏小体数量减少,大鼠逃避潜伏期延长(P0.05)。5和10 mg·kg~(-1)PBDE-47处理可显著上调ERS相关蛋白IRE1和CHOP的表达水平(P0.05),并明显增强海马组织凋亡相关蛋白Cyt c的表达。PBA干预可明显降低PBDE-47诱导的IRE1和CHOP以及Cyt c蛋白的表达水平,提示PBDE-47可通过ERS介导凋亡,导致大鼠海马组织损伤,从而影响大鼠学习记忆功能。     

Disinfection byproducts in drinking water and regulatory compliance: A critical review

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are regulated in drinking water in a number of countries. This critical review focuses on the issues associated with DBP regulatory compliance, including methods for DBP analysis, occurrence levels, the regulation comparison among various countries, DBP compliance strategies, and emerging DBPs. The regulation comparison between China and the United States (US) indicated that the DBP regulations in China are more stringent based on the number of regulated compounds and maximum levels. The comparison assessment using the Information Collection Rule (ICR) database indicated that the compliance rate of 500 large US water plants under the China regulations is much lower than that under the US regulations (e.g. 62.2% versus 89.6% for total trihalomethanes). Precursor removal and alternative disinfectants are common practices for DBP regulatory compliance. DBP removal after formation, including air stripping for trihalomethane removal and biodegradation for haloacetic acid removal, have gained more acceptance in DBP control. Formation of emerging DBPs, including iodinated DBPs and nitrogenous DBPs, is one of unintended consequences of precursor removal and alternative disinfection. At much lower levels than carbonaceous DBPs, however, emerging DBPs have posed higher health risks.     

聚硫代酰胺修饰活性炭对Au(Ⅲ)的选择性吸附效果与机制

通过在活性炭(AC)上原位合成聚硫代酰胺(PTA),成功制备了一种聚硫代酰胺修饰的活性炭基吸附材料(AC-PTA),研究其对废水中三价金[Au(Ⅲ)]的选择性吸附效果及机制.结果表明,AC-PTA在较宽的pH范围(＜5.0)内对多金属离子共存溶液中的Au(Ⅲ)表现出优异的选择性吸附性能,Au(Ⅲ)的剩余浓度小于0.1m...