环境质量评价中关键因子识别的方法研究

应用投影寻踪聚类方法分析环境影响指标的数据资料 ,不但可以根据数据内在特性确定各评价指标的相对权重 ,避免权重人为给定的任意性 ,而且还可以通过逐次筛选找出影响环境质量的关键因子。本文将该方法成功地应用于南京市秦淮河水环境评价中 ,筛选出了影响秦淮河水质的关键因子 ,可供秦淮河水环境监测和治理作参考。另一方面 ,该方法还可以推广应用于其它类似问题的综合分析研究中。     

安全监测在深基坑工程中的应用

对某深基坑工程施工过程采用安全监测和信息化施工手段，安全监测内容包括基坑边坡坡顶位移监测、维护桩水平位移和桩身钢筋应力的监测、锚杆拉力的监测，使得此深基坑工程的安全施工有了可靠的保证，从安全监测的结果来看，此深基坑工程设计合理，施工质量可靠，是大型深基坑工程中成功的支护工程之一。     

薯渣的开发和利用

通过利用薯渣经过预氧化处理、碳化和活化等工艺条件试验 ,得到了薯渣开发成活性碳纤维的最佳工艺条件 :薯渣经碱化 ,低含水状态下 30 0℃气氛碳化 ,碳化产物用浓度为 35 %的ZnCl2 处理 ,80 0℃活化 ,所得活性碳纤维对水中苯酚的吸附达 90 %以上     

固硫煤和普通煤对SO2污染和健康危害的对比研究

探讨固硫煤与普通煤燃烧造成室内SO2污染及对健康的危害作用.将家兔分别喂养在燃烧固硫煤、普通煤和不烧煤的环境中连续观察90d,每天监测室内环境中SO2、CO的浓度;实验各时期测定家兔LYS含量和血清中SOD、GSH-PX、SA浓度.结果:固硫煤组SO224h平均浓度(2.68mg/m3)明显低于普通煤组(13.04mg/m3),但CO水平两组间无明显差异.实验90d后与实验前的GSH-PX值的差值比较,普通煤＞空白对照组＞固硫煤组,普通煤和固硫煤组间的差别有显著性意义(p＜0.05);SOD、SA、LYS值在实验期有所变化,但各组间的差别无显著性意义 (p＞0.05).结论:提示燃煤煤烟中SO2能影响生物体内SOD、GSH-PX、LYS、SA的浓度变化,燃烧固硫煤能明显降低SO2的污染,故使用固硫煤可减少燃煤煤烟对健康的危害.     

渤黄海夏季表层海水中好氧不产氧光合细菌多样性分析

于2011年8月采集渤黄海表层海水样品,利用编码光合反应复合中心小亚基的pufM基因构建克隆文库,比较分析了不同生境类型海区夏季表层海水中好氧不产氧光合细菌(aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria,AAPB)的多样性。结果发现,属于-3变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的红杆菌科(Rhodobacteraceae)在研究海区普遍存在,而且丰度较高,是研究海区AAPB的优势类群。其中渤海站位的AAPB 群落结构相对较丰富,含有-3、-4、-6 Proteobacteria 3个细菌类群;而渤海海峡站位和北黄海站位的AAPB群落结构相对单一,只有-3 Proteobacteria一个类群。另外,研究表明温度最高,盐度最低的渤海站位更有利于AAPB群落的生长及组成状态。测序结果显示所占比例最大的细菌类群为未知类群,表明本文所研究的海区中可能存在着大量未知的AAPB种类,因此有进一步研究开发的价值。     

基于系统动力学模型的松花江水污染事故水质模拟

将系统动力学应用于突发水污染事故的水质模拟,利用其擅长研究动态、非线性复杂系统的特点,构建一维水质模拟的系统动力学模型,结合松花江特大水污染事故的现场监测数据进行模型参数率定以及模型验证.结果表明,所建立的模型能够模拟松花江水污染事故中硝基苯浓度随时间的变化,特别是对硝基苯的浓度峰值与峰值出现时间的模拟效果较好.通过对参数纵向水流流速(u)、纵向弥散系数(E)和衰减速率系数(k)的调整,进行情景模拟,可为应急措施方案的优选提供量化参考的依据.     

RELIABILITY AND ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION FOR URBAN RETURN FLOWS MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT The reduction of the liability of pollution to urban water resources is considered as one of the common goals of all elements of our society. To approach the challenge with a sense of realism the probabilistic nature of the performance of pollution control facilities as well as environmental responses must not be ignored and cannot be eliminated. Reliability is defined herein as the measure of effectiveness for the attainment of water quality managerial goals. The objective of this paper is to develop an optimization model for the determination of the best pollution control policies for each treatment facility in terms of the minimization of total regional cost requirements, the quality control requirements, and the reliability desired. A chance-constrained quadratic programming technique coupled with parametric analysis is utilized as the basic solution approach. A practical problem based on the situation existing in the San Antonio River Basin Region of Texas was used for the illustration of this application. The implications resulting from the sensitivity analysis of this model will be discussed.     

INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF URBAN WATER RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT. This paper will present a total water quality-quantity management approach which has incorporated the costs of water pollution control and water treatment, the benefits of water-based activities, and the trade-off between low flow augmentation and water quality improvement in its consideration. The analytical framework is based on the decomposition procedures provided by dynamic programming within which the optimal management plans are developed.     

秦皇岛市空气质量分析与改善对策

秦皇岛市从1998年5月29日至1999年2月25日空气污染指数平均为84.92,首要污染物是总悬浮微粒(TSP),空气质量Ⅱ级,属良好范围,在北方城市中仅次于大连和烟台。影响秦皇岛市空气质量的不利因素有煤炭运输规模大、建筑工地及城市卫生管理不严、绿地分布不合理、集中供热规模偏小等。为此,应继续治理煤尘,实行热电连产,改进绿化,加强管理。     

Important sequence for overexpression of NADH oxidase gene from Thermus thermophilus HB8 in Escherichia coli

Enzymes fixed on the electrode of biosensor are gradually inactivated and the electrode is discarded after using several times. In order to prepare the stable biosensor, we try to use a stable enzyme from extreme thermophilic bacteria, Thermus thermophilus HB8. It is very important that a stable enzyme from T. thermophilus HB8 is overproduced in Escherichia coli, for the purpose of enough supply of enzyme. Thereby, we determined the important sequence for overexpression of NADH oxidase (nox) gene from T. thermophilus HB8 in E. coli. As a result, it is revealed that ten nucleotides sequence, GAAATTAACT, in the upstream of start codon of nox gene was important for its overexpression in E. coli.