Effects of Fe2O3, organic matter and carbonate on photocatalytic degradation of lindane in the sediment from the Liao River,China

Fourteen sediment samples with different content of Fe₂O₃ were collected from the lower reaches of the Liao River in China. The photodegradation of lindane on the surfaces of these sediments was investigated to observe the effects of Fe₂O₃ and other photoinducable substances, such as TiO₂ and organic substances, on photodegradation of lindane. A partial least-squares (PLS) analysis model was developed to find out the statistical relationship between the photodegradation and the contents of these photoinducable substances. It was concluded from the PLS analysis that inorganic carbon and organic carbon have negative effects, whereas Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ accelerate the photodegradation of lindane in the sediment samples when 365 nm UV light was used as light source. In all cases of the experiments, the photodegradation of lindane in the sediment samples were fitted for pseudo-first-order kinetics.     

活性炭改性研究进展

本文从表面结构特性、表面化学性质和电化学性质 3个方面叙述了国内外在活性炭改性方面的研究进展。表面结构特性改性主要是从增大比表面积和控制孔径分布两方面展开 ,从而增大吸附量 ;表面化学性质改性主要是通过氧化还原改变表面含氧酸性、碱性基团的相对含量以及负载金属改性 ,从而改变对极性、极性较弱或非极性物质的吸附能力 ;电化学性质改性主要是通过加微电场改变活性炭表面的带电性和由此而产生的化学性质的变化 ,从而改变吸附性能。最后 ,本文还从活性炭的吸附性质方面 ,客观地提出了今后发展方向     

Kinetics of enhanced adsorption by polarization for organic pollutants on activated carbon fiber

The adsorption kinetics for model pollutants on activated carbon fiber (ACF) by polarization was investigated in this work. Kinetics data obtained for the adsorption of these model pollutants at open-circuit, 400 mV, and ?400 mV polarization were applied to the Lagergren equation, and adsorption rate constants (K _a) were determined. With the anodic polarization of 400 mV, the capacity of sodium phenoxide was increased from 0.0083 mmol/g at open-circuit to 0.18 mmol/g, and a 17-fold enhancement was achieved; however, the capacity of p-nitrophenol was decreased from 2.93 mmol/g at open-circuit to 2.65 mmol/g. With the cathodal polarization of ?400 mV, the capacity of aniline was improved from 3.60 mmol/g at open-circuit to 3.88 mmol/g; however, the capacity of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was reduced from 2.20 mmol/g at open-circuit to 1.59 mmol/g. The enhancement for electrosorption changed with different groups substituting. Anodic polarization enhances the adsorption of benzene with the electron-donating group. But whether anodic or not, cathodal polarization had less effect on the adsorption of electron-accepting aromatic compounds, and decreased the adsorption capacity of benzene-bearing donor-conjugate bridge-acceptor, while increasing its adsorption rate. Electrostatic interaction played a very important role in the electrosorption of ion-pollutants.     

BVR多芯铜导线过电流故障下燃烧及火焰传播研究*

为深入研究BVR多芯铜导线过电流故障下燃烧及火焰传播特征,采用堆栈技术分析导线受热形变,并利用高速摄像机记录故障导线发热、熔断及绝缘燃烧现象,研究导线发热形变、熔断时间及燃烧时火焰传播速度与电流值变化关系。结果表明:当I=136 A时,导线不发生熔断,只有当高温线芯直接接触周围可燃物才可引发火灾;当I=153 A时,导线会发生熔断现象,且熔断时间随过电流值升高而缩短;当I=204 A时,导线发生熔断,断路电弧引燃周围热解气体,火焰前沿迅速蔓延至导线两端,平均火焰前沿传播速度达2.2 m/s,平均明火持续时间达8.2 s,整根导线无需外界可燃物即可发生明火燃烧。研究结果可为起火原因认定提供技术指导。     

泡沫塑料鞋制造区VOCs污染特征及臭氧生成潜势

于泡沫塑料鞋制造集中区和周边设置了5个采样点,研究其大气VOCs的污染特征和对臭氧生成的潜在影响.结果显示泡沫塑料制鞋行业大气VOCs组成以烷烃（38.4%）、含氧挥发性有机物（33.5%）和芳香烃（19.5%）为主,80种VOCs浓度为137.1~169.0μg/m³（均值149.1μg/m³）.正戊烷、异戊烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、甲醛、甲苯、间/邻二甲苯、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯为泡沫塑料鞋制造行业的特征VOCs.总VOCs、特征VOCs类型（含氧挥发性有机物、芳香烃）和特征VOCs组分（甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、丁酮、乙酸乙酯）的浓度空间变化趋势依次为污染区 > 受影响区（下风向） > 对照区（上风向）.同时,采用最大增量反应活性（MIR）方法估算了VOCs的臭氧生成潜势（OFP）,均值为544.6μg/m³,表明泡沫塑料鞋制造导致了周边环境空气VOCs污染且对臭氧生成存在明显潜在影响.     

徐淮地区冬季AOD时空特征及气象因子研究

文章基于国产高空间分辨率卫星高分一号(GF-1)的WFV数据实现对徐淮矿区及周边区域的AOD深蓝算法反演和时空特征分析,并结合AERONET站点数据进行反演精度验证。同时,将研究区AOD反演结果与气象因子进行相关性分析。研究结果表明:(1)AOD反演结果与AERONET站点数据相关性较高,相关系数R2为0.899,RMSE为0.158,说明深蓝算法对于矿区及周边城市的AOD反演较适用;(2)研究区2014-2017年AOD高值区呈现逐渐扩张趋势,人口密集区显著高于高植被覆盖区;(3)空气污染时期气溶胶浓度的增长会对气温产生冷却效应,与相对湿度呈一定正相关性,且抑制降水生成。此外,研究区西北部相山的高地形和盛行西北风也可能是阻碍高空气溶胶颗粒物扩散的重要条件。     

漓江大型底栖动物群落时空分布及水质生物评价

于2012年1月(枯水期)和8月(丰水期)在漓江上游甘棠江段、中游大圩江段和下游福利江段采集到大型底栖动物样品共374个,采用均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数分析了漓江大型底栖动物的多样性.结果表明,漓江水系大型底栖动物群落结构的时空分布差异显著,枯水期采集到42个分类单元、8632个底栖动物,物种数和个体数均少于丰水期采集到的46个分类单元、10842个底栖动物,但枯水期主要河段的物种多样性比丰水期要好.漓江中、下游大型底栖动物的功能摄食类群均以刮食者为主,表明中、下游生态系统的初级生产力属性要高于上游.采用BI指数(Biotic Index)对漓江各江段进行水质生物评价,结果显示,漓江水系枯水期的水生态质量要优于丰水期;上游和下游水生态质量相对较好,中游水生态质量较差.因此,建议在丰水期加强漓江中游大圩段的环境保护力度,提高漓江整体水生态质量.     

颗粒活性炭促进高温厌氧消化的研究

近年来的研究表明,颗粒活性炭（GAC）可以通过种间电子传递（DIET）过程,来提高中温厌氧消化（MAD）产甲烷.然而,GAC是否能够提高高温厌氧消化（TAD）产甲烷,以及其促进产甲烷原理尚不明确.通过乙酸钠为基质的批试验研究了投加GAC对高温消化产甲烷的影响.批试验结果表明GAC的加入促进了高温消化效果.定量PCR结果表明GAC的加入对生物量的贡献微小,说明促进效果可能不是通过生物量实现的.高通量测序结果发现高温下添加GAC富集了Thermodesulfolbiaceae,Anaerobaculaceae,以及古菌Methanosacinacea.该研究推测GAC的促进作用可能与直接种间电子传递有关.     

Effective adsorption of sulfamethoxazole, bisphenol A and methyl orange on nanoporous carbon derived from metal-organic frameworks

Nanoporous carbons(NPCs) derived from metal–organic frameworks(MOFs) are attracting increasing attention in many areas by virtue of their high specific surface area, large pore volume and unique porosity. The present work reports the preparation of an NPC with high surface area(1731 m~2/g) and pore volume(1.68 cm~3/g) by direct carbonization of MOF-5. We examined the adsorption of three typical contaminants from aqueous solutions, i.e., sulfamethoxazole(SMX),bisphenol A(BPA) and methyl orange(MO), by using the as-prepared NPC. The results demonstrated that NPC could adsorb the contaminants effectively, with adsorption capacity(qm) of 625 mg/g(SMX), 757 mg/g(BPA) and 872 mg/g(MO), respectively. These values were approximately 1.0-3.2 times higher than those obtained for single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) and commercial powder active carbon(PAC) under the same conditions. With its high surface area and unique meso/macropore structure, the enhanced adsorption of NPC most likely originates from the cooperative interaction of a pore-filling mechanism, electrostatic interaction,and hydrogen bonding. In particular, the p H value has a crucial impact on adsorption, suggesting the significant contribution of electrostatic interaction between NPC and the contaminants. This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of MOF-derived nanoporous carbons as effective adsorbents of contaminants for water treatment.     

民宿价格的空间分异特征及影响因素——以湖北省恩施州为例

民宿区别于传统的酒店,其价格具有独特的空间分布特征和影响因素。以湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州民宿价格为研究对象,基于克里金法和特征价格模型,使用网络抓取的途家网民宿数据,运用ArcGIS 10.5进行插值分析,总结恩施州民宿价格的空间分布特征,并运用SPSS 24进行多元回归分析,构建特征价格模型,分析影响恩施民宿价格的影响因素。研究表明：（1）恩施民宿价格集聚效应明显,呈现“一大两小”的三个价格高值区;（2）民宿内部环境对民宿价格影响最为显著,民宿消费者更加注重其体验感和融入感;（3）省道和景点对民宿价格影响显著,而国道影响较小;（4）不同经营主体对民宿定价有所不同,其中个人房东经营民宿,其定价水平较高。研究结果为民宿选址、定价、空间布局以及旅游体验服务等方面提供参考。