PH3液相催化氧化净化研究

以Mn2 和Pd2 为催化剂的吸收液对含低浓度PH3的混合气进行了液相催化氧化净化研究.考察了催化剂配比、混合气中O2浓度、PH3初始浓度、反应温度、气体流量和吸收液pH与PH3净化效率的关系.结果表明,催化剂中Pd2 与Mn2 的质量比为1:4时可获得较佳的净化效果;随着混合气中O2浓度的增加,吸收液对PH3的净化效率有所提高;在20～75℃内,低温对PH3净化有利,较适宜的反应温度为20℃;较低的PH3初始浓度和低气体流量均有利于PH3的净化;较高的pH有利于吸收液中催化剂催化效能的发挥.吸收液对PH3的净化效率可达100%,但因吸收液中的金属离子易与催化氧化PH3产生的PO3-4形成沉淀,使金属离子脱离液相催化氧化系统,吸收液失效较快.     

黄铁矿焙烧过程中铊析出影响因素及其烧渣中重金属的相态分布研究

通过模拟硫酸厂的沸腾焙烧炉,考察了黄铁矿焙烧过程中铊(T1)析出的影响因素.并通过分级提取法考察了黄铁矿烧渣中重金属的相态分布.结果表明,T1释放率随焙烧温度的升高而增加,随停留时间的增长而增加;当O2流量在20～300 mL/mi.范围变化时,T1释放率先增后减.环境中备受关注的重金属(如Pb、Cd、Cr等)在黄铁矿烧渣中以Pb为主,各相态Pb的总量达到1 429.20 μg/g,且黄铁矿烧渣中的重金属(除Cu和Sr外)主要是以分布于硅酸盐矿物相中的残余态形式存在,因此在环境中不易迁移释放.尽管黄铁矿烧渣中的重金属(除Cu和Sr外)不是以非残余态分布为主,但非残余态重金属的总量也不少,因此黄铁矿烧渣在环境中的潜在污染风险应当引起重视.     

应用陶粒过滤-陶瓷膜组合对止咳糖浆制药废水深度处理的试验研究

止咳精浆制药废水经生物接触氧化一体化废水处理装置处理后,其出水中COD、BOD和氨氮等主要污染物质均不能达标排放.在实验室中采用陶粒过滤-陶瓷膜组合对经一体化处理装置处理后的制药废水进行深度处理,在陶粒柱反应器选用粒径为1～2 mm的陶粒滤料,陶瓷膜反应器选用孔径为2～3/μm陶瓷膜的条件下对水样进行测试.废水经陶粒过滤-陶瓷膜组合处理后,其BOD、COD、SS和氨氮指标均可稳定达标排放.     

Implications of urine-to-feces ratio in the thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine waste.

Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure represents a potential waste treatment technology to address environmental concerns, such as odor emissions and removal of pathogenic microorganisms. However, there are concerns relative to the stability of this process when swine manure is the sole substrate. In this study, the potential of biogas production from swine manure as the sole substrate under thermophilic (50 degrees C) conditions was investigated in the laboratory, to determine whether separation of urine and feces as part of the waste collection process would benefit anaerobic digestion. Effluent from a continuously stirred tank reactor was used as the inoculum for batch tests, in which the substrate contained three different concentrations of urine (urine-free, as-excreted urine-to-feces ratio and double the as-excreted urine-to-feces ratio). Inocula were acclimated to these same urine-to-feces ratios to determine methane production. Results show that both urine-free and as-excreted substrates were not inhibitory to anaerobic inocula. Anaerobic microorganisms can be readily acclimated to substrate with double the as-excreted urine concentration, which contained nitrogen concentrations up to 7.20 g/L. Cumulative methane production reached similar levels in the batch tests, regardless of the substrate urine concentration.     

Surface functional characteristics (C, O, S) of waste tire-derived carbon black before and after steam activation

The effects of steam activation on the surface functional characteristics of waste tire-derived carbon black were investigated. Two carbon-based materials, powdered carbon black (PCB) and PCB-derived powdered activated carbon (PCB-PAC), were selected for this study. A stainless steel tubular oven was used to activate the PCB at an activation temperature of 900 degrees C and 1 atm using steam as an activating reagent. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was adopted to measure the surface composition and chemical structure of carbon surface. Various elemental spectra (C, O, and S) of each carbon sample were further deconvoluted by peak synthesis. Results showed that the surfaces of PCB and PCB-PAC consisted mainly of C-C and C-O. The PCB-PAC surface had a higher percentage of oxygenated functional groups (C=O and O-C=O) than PCB. The O1s spectra show that the oxygen detected on the PCB surface was mainly bonded to carbon (C-O), whereas the oxygen on the PCB-PAC surface could be bonded to hydrogen (O-H) and carbon (C-O). Sulfur on the surface of PCB consisted of 58.9 wt% zinc sulfide (ZnS) and 41.1 wt% S=C=S, whereas that on the surfaces of PCB-PAC consisted mainly of S=C=S. Furthermore, the increase of oxygen content from 9.6% (PCB) to 11.9% (PCB-PAC) resulted in the increase of the pH values of PCB-PAC after steam activation.     

土壤柴油污染修复的抽气提取去除实验研究

为得到土壤气相抽提(SVE)去除柴油的优化条件,进行了一维土柱抽气提取去除柴油污染物的实验研究,研究不同初始含水率、不同抽气量对污染土壤中柴油去除率的影响及不同深度残留柴油的变化规律。结果表明：在本实验模拟的范围内,抽气量越大,SVE处理效果越好;初始含水率越低,处理效果越好;此外,不同深度去除率变化的规律基本上是随深度的增大而减小。实验结果可为土壤轻油污染实际治理提供实验数据基础。     

PAC-chitosan复合絮凝剂中铝形态

以不同碱化度(B)的聚合氯化铝(PAC)和不同粘度的壳聚糖为原料制备出一系列PAC-chitosan复合絮凝剂。采用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了PAC-chitosan复合絮凝剂中铝的形态分布,探讨了PAC的B值、壳聚糖的含量（C）和粘度（η）对复合絮凝剂中铝的形态分布的影响。结果表明：壳聚糖与PAC之间发生了一定的相互作用,通过试验结果推断出当B=1.5,壳聚糖粘度η=800 Pa·s,C=0.6 mg/mL絮凝效果最佳。并用某造纸废水进行了烧杯絮凝试验。絮凝试验结果与推断结果相一致。     

基于响应绩效的重大事故应急预案编制技术研究

重大事故应急预案是保证企业应急救援工作快速、高效地开展的关键。应急预案的响应绩效是预案对于预防事故发生和控制事故恶化的实际效果,基于响应绩效的重大事故应急预案编制方法就是将绩效作为核心的思想融入编制的各环节。围绕预案的编制原则、文件要素和编制流程对方法进行介绍,并进一步详细阐述了基于响应绩效的预案编制要点,从而保证预案的完整性、逻辑性、可操作性和指导性四方面的响应绩效要求。     

关于陕西省城市防洪问题的思考

在系统总结陕西省城市改革发展的现状以及防洪减灾存在问题的基础上,指出了洪涝灾害造成的损失,重点说明城市防洪在经济建设中的重要性;针对省情提出了新时期城市防洪建设的思路、防洪策略和奋斗目标.山洪灾害是威胁中小城市安全的主要问题,要建立多元化的投资机制,鼓励和促进城市防洪建设健康发展.