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501.
502.
含锌多核聚铝絮凝剂的制备及形态特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以AlCl3·6H2O和ZnCl2为原料,采用一次加碱法制备了一种新型的改性增效聚合铝类多核无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝锌(PAZC).通过Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了碱化度(B),Al/Zn摩尔比及陈化时间对铝离子形态的影响.采用混凝实验比较PAZC、PAC的混凝效果.结果表明:在相同B值条件下,PAZC的Ala和Alc少于PAC的Ala和Alc,Alb形态多于PAC中Alb形态,并且PAC中Alb形态最高只有60%,而PAZC中Alb最高达到83%.PAZC具有pH适用范围宽,投药量少以及良好的储存性能. 相似文献
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Guo R Li X Christie P Chen Q Zhang F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(3):443-451
Two-year greenhouse cucumber experiments were conducted to investigate seasonal effects on fruit yield, dry matter allocation, and N uptake in a double-cropping system with different fertilizer management. Seasonal effects were much greater than fertilizer effects, and winter-spring (WS) cucumber attained higher fruit yields and N uptake than autumn-winter (AW) cucumber due to lower cumulative air temperatures during fruit maturation in the AW season. Fertilizer N application and apparent N loss under recommended N management (Nmr) decreased by 40-78% and 33-48% without yield loss compared to conventional N management (Nmt) over four growing seasons. However, there were no seasonal differences in N recommendations, taking into consideration seasonal differences in crop N demand, critical nutrient supply in the root zone and N mineralization rate. 相似文献
508.
Changes of organic acid exudation and rhizosphere pH in rice plants under chromium stress. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fanrong Zeng Song Chen Ying Miao Feibo Wu Guoping Zhang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,155(2):284-289
The effect of chromium (Cr) stress on the changes of rhizosphere pH, organic acid exudation, and Cr accumulation in plants was studied using two rice genotypes differing in grain Cr accumulation. The results showed that rhizosphere pH increased with increasing level of Cr in the culture solution and with an extended time of Cr exposure. Among the six organic acids examined in this experiment, oxalic and malic acid contents were relatively higher, and had a significant positive correlation with the rhizosphere pH, indicating that they play an important role in changing rhizosphere pH. The Cr content in roots was significantly higher than that in stems and leaves. Cr accumulation in plants was significantly and positively correlated with rhizosphere pH, and the exudation of oxalic, malic and citric acids, suggesting that an increase in rhizosphere pH, and exudation of oxalic, malic and citric acid enhances Cr accumulation in rice plants. 相似文献
509.
Pei Gu Ren Fang Shen Yi Ding Chen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(3):273-277
BACKGROUND: The Yangtze Delta is one of the most developed regions in China and includes Shanghai, eight cities in Jiangsu province and eight cities in Zhejiang province. Meat consumption in this region has increased with economic growth, and most of the consumed meat is produced locally. The water quality of surface waters has deteriorated in recent years. An example was the huge blue-green algae bloom in Tai Lake in late May 2007, which affected millions of people's daily drinking water. However, animal husbandry is considered to be one of the main pollution sources. METHODS: Pollutants (NH3-N, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN)) excreted by livestock and poultry, and the resultant COD (chemical oxygen demand) and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), were estimated using two different methods based on different data sets. RESULTS: The number of livestock and poultry has remained stable in the Yangtze Delta over the four years from 1999 to 2002, with the average number of pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry being 21.1 M, 0.4 M, 7.7 M and 597.6 M, respectively. Pollutants in livestock and poultry excreta estimated by Method I were: 0.12 Mt NH3-N, 0.11 Mt TP and 0.29 Mt TN, resulting in COD and BOD of 1.34 Mt and 1.30 Mt, respectively, while the estimations based on Method II were: 0.18 Mt NH3-N, 0.15 Mt TP and 0.40 Mt TN, resulting in COD and BOD of 1.95 Mt and 1.80 Mt, respectively. DISCUSSION: Pollutants excreted annually by livestock and poultry in the Yangtze Delta are estimated to be: 0.17 Mt NH3-N, 0.16 Mt TP and 0.42 Mt TN, giving rise to a COD of 1.86 Mt and a BOD of 1.72 Mt. Approximately 25% of this pollution was estimated to enter water bodies, which means that the annual pollutant load is 43,700 t NH3-N, 39,400 tTP, 104,600t TN with a COD of 465,000 tand a BOD of 430,100 t. Pollutants from animal husbandry were similar in magnitude to those from industrial wastewater. Pigs produced the most pollution, followed by poultry, cattle and sheep. The pollution load from animal husbandry in the Yangtze Delta is about twice the average level of the whole of China. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic wastewater was the main pollution source in the Yangtze Delta, followed by pollution from raising livestock and poultry and from industrial wastewater. The pollution load in Shanghai and Jiaxing were the greatest, followed by 7 cities of Jiangsu province (except Suzhou) and other cities of Zhejiang province and Suzhou. Pigs and poultry produced about 90% of the total pollutants from animal husbandry. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The local governments, especially in Shanghai and Jiaxing, should focus their attention on the pollution produced by livestock and poulrry. Controlling pollution from pigs and poultry will have the greatest impact in this region. Control of pollution will be facilitated by the development of large-scale livestock and poultry farming units and a shift away from small scale husbandry. 相似文献
510.
好氧颗粒污泥降解甲基叔丁醚的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
以絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,以甲基叔丁醚(MTBE)为唯一碳源,通过调控运行参数,在SBR反应器中可成功培养出降解MTBE的好氧颗粒污泥.成熟的好氧颗粒污泥平均粒径为202.7 μm,污泥容积指数(SVI)为75 mg/L,污泥混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS)为1 311 mg/L,污泥表面可观察到球菌、短杆菌和长杆菌等不同菌落.反应器进水MTBE高达650 mg/L时,出水可维持在10 mg/L以下,去除率达98%以上(其中挥发部分约占25%).变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)指纹图表明,稳定阶段污泥内微生物种群丰富,且种类与数量基本保持稳定. 相似文献