ClO_2对活性艳红K—2G和分散蓝2BLN染料的脱色研究

本论文主要利用自制高纯二氧化氯对两种常用且结构具有代表性的活性艳红K— 2G和分散蓝 2BLN料染 ,进行氧化脱色研究 ,作了温度 ,pH值 ,二氧化氯用量等条件试验 ,并用实际印染废水进行了实验 ,取得了良好的效果。在室温时 ,t =5min～ 7min ,pH值偏碱性条件下 ,单一染料溶液及混合染料溶液的脱色率均达到 90 %以上 ,实际印染废水的脱色也在 90 %左右。pH值、温度和ClO2 用量等多种因素对脱色率均有一定的影响 :pH值越高 ,染料脱色率越高。ClO2 用量存在一最佳值 ,与活性艳红K— 2G及分散蓝 2BLN染料的最佳摩尔比分别为 4 0及 2 0左右。ClO2 耗量随染料起始浓度的增大而增加 (脱色率相同时 )     

烟草病程相关蛋白 PR-la的三维模型和荧光光谱

利用同源模建和分子动力学模拟方法搭建了烟草病程相关蛋白PR-1a的三维结构,在此基础上预测出PR.1a具有2个可能的活性位点.进一步分析PR-1家族特异保守序列,结果显示位点1的可能性更大.利用蛋白质内源荧光为探针,对分离的重组表达PR-1a蛋白进行了热稳定性研究.低于60℃处理,PR-1a蛋白内源荧光只略微降低;70℃处理30 min引起PR-la蛋白内源荧光明显降低,结果显示,PR-1a中色氨酸残基主要处于蛋白质分子内部,这与三维结构模型预测结果相符.     

Effect of soil crust on evaporation and dew deposition in Mu Us sandy land, China

The development of soil crust on sandy land may affect the surface hydrological process. This paper investigates the process of evaporation and dew deposition influenced by different soil surface types which were dominated by sand, primitive biotic crust, and advanced biotic crust, respectively, in the south fringe of Mu Us sandy land in Northwest China from July to September of 2006. The experimental results indicate that the advanced biotic crust could increase evaporation and dew deposition compared to the primitive biotic crust and bare sand although the differences between them were not significant. The average evaporation from advanced biotic crust, primitive biotic crust and sand was 6.8, 6.6, and 6.5 mm/d, respectively, and water content is around 16.2 % in the condition of initially identical soil. The average dew amount on advanced biotic crust was 0.116 mm/d with extreme 0.05 and 0.24 mm/d. The average values on primitive biotic crust and sand were 0.105 and 0.101 mm/d, respectively, with extreme 0.04 and 0.21 mm/d for both treatments. Also, the dew deposition on advanced biotic crust seemed stable and might rest for a longer time than that on primitive biotic crust and sand. The results suggest that the advanced biotic crust possibly facilitates evaporation and dew deposition. Therefore, the development of biotic crust may potentially enhance the hydrological circulation in the upper sand layer in sandy land.     

清洁过程环境影响评估模块的开发

在过程开发早期阶段考虑环境问题是实现污染预防的有效手段。将环境影响评估功能集成于过程模拟软件是一项重要的工作。以通用模拟软件ECSS—ChStar为平台,开发出环境影响评估模块。该模块可以对物质流、过程单元和总流程提供环境模拟分析,并计算过程方案的环境影响指数。     

醋酸纤维素吸附剂的制备及其性能表征

研究开发了1种球形醋酸纤维素吸附剂,对其制备方法、形态结构及其对水中4种有机氯农药的吸附性能进行了研究.扫描电镜结果表明,所制备醋酸纤维素吸附剂的外表面是一层致密的醋酸纤维素膜,内部为网状结构;对水中狄氏剂、艾氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯4种有机氯农药有较强的吸附能力,12h后去除率均达到85%以上;并且对正辛醇-水分配系数(lgK_ow)较大的有机物具有更快的吸附速度,对七氯、艾氏剂的去除率在0·5h后可达99%.说明该吸附剂对水中亲脂性的有机物具有较高的吸附效能.     

东北三省农田生态系统碳排放时空分异特征及驱动因素研究

根据2000—2014年东北三省碳排放的相关数据,结合空间探索性分析及地理加权回归等模型方法,对研究区农田生态系统碳排放量的空间集聚性、差异性及其重要驱动因素进行研究.结果表明:东北三省农田生态系统碳排放量存在比较显著的全局空间正相关,自相关性在整体上表现出逐渐增强的趋势,到2014年全局Moran's I指数达到最高值0.3395.在局部空间相关关系上,东北三省农田生态系统碳排放量的高-高区域集中在黑龙江省和吉林省,低-低地区主要集中在辽宁省,表现出不平衡的发展格局.人均GDP对农田生态系统碳排放有负效应,总人口数对农田生态系统碳排放的影响从正效应转变为负效应,化肥施用对农田生态系统碳排放影响程度的空间分布格局发生了较大变化,代表生产技术水平和能源消耗的农业化肥施用量和农业机械总动力因素对农田生态系统碳排放的影响较大,东北三省农田生态系统碳排放和农业机械总动力相关程度有逐渐趋同的趋势.     

Enhanced organic phosphorus detection in sediments by foam separation and 31P-NMR

Phosphorus (P) is both a nutrient and a pollutant. For instance, excess P induces water eutrophication followed by death of fishes and other water life. Determination of organic P content in sediments is therefore important to study P cycling and environmental pollution. The most widely used method to determine organic P in sediments is NaOH–EDTA extraction followed by ³¹P-NMR detection. However, some organic P compounds are difficult to extract using NaOH–EDTA due to the low solubility, thus can not be detected by ³¹P NMR. Here, we used foam separation to determine organic P in sediment of North Canal of Tianjin City, China. Organic P was first enriched using foam separation coupled with NaOH extraction. The enriched organic P was then analyzed with ³¹P NMR. The results showed that, compared with the traditional extraction method, foam separation coupled with NaOH extraction enriched more P compound because ³¹P NMR detected an extra signal of teichoic acid at chemical shift 1.14. This teichoic acid signal was not detected in the extract prepared using only NaOH–EDTA. Our finding demonstrates that determination using foam separation followed by ³¹P NMR is feasible.     

低强度超声波与酸、碱协同对污泥溶胞的影响

在能量密度为0.05W·mL-1和pH范围3.0～12.0条件下,研究了超声波辐射与酸、碱协同对污泥溶胞效果的影响.结果表明,溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)、溶解性磷(SP)和溶解性糖(SA)含量随pH增大均呈先降后升趋势.当pH为3.0时,污泥溶胞效果不高,随污泥溶液碱性增强,SCOD、SP和SA含量随pH呈指数增长,说明强碱性环境有利于污泥溶胞.超声波辐射可显著提高污泥溶胞率,而且pH越大超声波辐射改善的溶胞效率越高.pH=11.0时超声波辐射60min以内,SCOD、SP和SA含量与时间均呈线性关系,超声波/碱协同污泥溶胞为一级反应.pH大于9.0的碱性条件下,超声波辐射和提高pH均可降低VSS/TSS.依据实验数据,应用非线性优化技术得到SCOD与pH和超声波辐射时间的数学模型,其平均相对误差小于2.6%.     

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas sp. JM2 isolated from active sewage sludge of chemical plant

It is important to screen strains that can decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) completely and rapidly with good adaptability for bioremediation in a local area. A bacterial strain JM2, which uses phenanthrene as its sole carbon source, was isolated from the active sewage sludge from a chemical plant in Jilin, China and identified as Pseudomonas based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Although the optimal growth conditions were determined to be pH 6.0 and 37℃, JM2 showed a broad pH and temperature profile. At pH 4.5 and 9.3, JM2 could degrade more than 40% of fluorene and phenanthrene (50 mg/L each) within 4 days. In addition, when the temperature was as low as 4℃, JM2 could degrade up to 24% fluorene and 12% phenanthrene. This showed the potential for JM2 to be applied in bioremediation over winter or in cold regions. Moreover, a nutrient augmentation study showed that adding formate into media could promote PAH degradation, while the supplement of salicylate had an inhibitive effect. Furthermore, in a metabolic pathway study, salicylate, phthalic acid, and 9-fluorenone were detected during the degradation of fluorene or phenanthrene. In conclusion, Pseudomonas sp. JM2 is a high performance strain in the degradation of fluorene and phenanthrene under extreme pH and temperature conditions. It might be useful in the bioremediation of PAHs.     

姜湖贡米产地土壤重金属空间分布、源解析及生态风险评价

研究名特优产品土壤重金属分布、来源及其潜在风险对科学管理、安全利用土壤和作物资源具有重要意义.以姜湖贡米产地为研究对象,对名特优产地土壤中的As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn进行采样和测定,利用多元统计法进行重金属的相关性讨论,采用ArcGIS 10.2进行重金属空间分布插值分析,利用富集因子法和PMF法对重金属污染进行定量源解析,并进行了潜在生态风险评价.结果表明：①研究区土壤重金属As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn含量均低于农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（GB 15618-2018）规定的筛选值,土壤生态环境风险低;Cr和Ni最大值均超风险筛选值,但风险低;研究区pH主要分布范围为6.05~6.69,是适合水稻生长的pH范围.②墨河对pH和重金属的空间分布具有指示意义.这与元素的表生地球化学特征息息相关;而Hg和Cd受人为影响显示了不同的空间分布特征,Hg沿河流西侧为中高值分布区,Cd的空间分布南北差异较为显著.③基于富集因子法和PMF的定量源解析结果显示,研究区重金属主要来源为耕地农业源、混合源、燃煤源和自然源.各种来源的贡献率分别占24.2%、35.4%、9.5%和30.9%.④研究区Hg中强生态风险指数沿墨河西侧分布,而Cd的中度潜在生态风险点集中在墨河两侧耕地中,其他元素潜在生态风险指数（E_r）均<40.Cd和Hg为研究区主要潜在生态风险元素,而Cd仍是研究区耕地土壤中的主要潜在污染元素.