浑河底泥古菌群落结构季节性变化特征

为探究不同水期河流底泥古菌群落结构特征,选取浑河底泥为研究对象,并于2014年4月(枯水期),9月(丰水期),11月(平水期)对浑河流域进行样品采样,通过PCR-DGGE技术获得3个水期古菌的DGGE指纹图谱,并进行数据分析.结果表明,平水期的古菌多样性和种群丰度都要好于枯水期和丰水期,多样性指数均高于2.10,种群丰度均高于0.94,且上游到下游均匀度波动平缓,数值维持在0.90左右,说明平水期浑河底泥古菌群落结构变化相对稳定.聚类分析结果表明,不同水期浑河底泥古菌群落结构多样性并没有明显的地区特征,但3个水期位于城市段的采样点的古菌亲缘性较为接近.冗余梯度分析(RDA)结果表明,枯水期时水中BOD5、p H和DO是影响古菌群落的主要因素;丰水期时水中的p H和NO-3-N是影响古菌群落的主要因素;平水期时水中的TP和NO-2-N是影响古菌群落的主要因素.     

Identifying the major fluorescent components responsible for ultrafiltration membrane fouling in different water sources

Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation–emission matrix(EEM) coupled with parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC) was performed for a total of 18 water samples taken from three water sources(two lakes and one wastewater treatment plant(WWTP) secondary effluent),with the purpose of identifying the major ultrafiltration(UF) membrane foulants in different water sources. Three fluorescent components(C1, C2 and C3) were identified,which represented terrestrially derived humic-like substances(C1), microbially derived humic-like substances(C2), and protein-like substances(C3). The correlations between the different fluorescent components and UF membrane fouling were analyzed. It was shown that for the WWTP secondary effluent, all three components(C1, C2 and C3) made a considerable contribution to the irreversible and total fouling of the UF membrane.However, for the two lakes, only the C3 exhibited a strong correlation with membrane fouling, indicating that the protein-like substances were the major membrane foulants in the lake waters. Significant attachment of C1, C2 and C3 to the UF membrane was also confirmed by mass balance analyses for the WWTP secondary effluent; while the attachment of C1 and C2 was shown to be negligible for the two lakes. The results may provide basic formation for developing suitable fouling control strategies for sustainable UF processes.     

Effect of copper tolerant Elsholtzia splendens on bacterial community associated with Commelina communis on a copper mine spoil

Facilitation, or positive plant–plant interaction, has received increasing concern from ecologists over the last two decades. Facilitation may occur through direct mitigation of severe environments or indirect mediation by a third participant from the same or different trophic levels. The copper(Cu) tolerant species Elsholtzia splendens facilitates the establishment and growth of co-occurring Commelina communis through indirect enrichment of microbial activity. However, whether and how E. splendens impacts the microbial community that is associated with C. communis is less known. We characterized the soil bacterial community in the rhizosphere of C. communis in the absence and presence of E.splendens using PCR-DGGE(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and sequencing. The result showed that the richness of the bacterial community increased, but diversity and evenness remained similar, in the presence of E. splendens.Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most dominant bacteria. The relative abundance of dominant and minor bacterial groups showed distinctly different responses to E. splendens. Principal component analysis and redundancy analysis indicated that variation of the bacterial community was determined by multiple factors and might be driven by the tested soil parameters collectively, or alternatively changed through plant root exudates or other microorganisms. Our results enhance the understanding of how the bacterial community associated with a beneficiary plant responds to a benefactor plant and suggests that the changes of bacterial community composition may have far-reaching influence on plant–soil feedback and the aboveground plant community in the long run.     

甲硫醇在苏玛罐及气袋中稳定性研究

以硅烷化苏玛罐和Tedlar气袋为保存容器,干燥空气为本底,利用低温冷阱浓缩-气相色谱/质谱联用法检测,研究甲硫醇气体样品在不同容器、温度和浓度等条件下的浓度变化趋势.结果表明,甲硫醇样品使用Tedlar气袋采样并在4℃环境下保存时具有相对较好的稳定性,对于浓度在约3 ppb至20 ppb的样品其保存有效期可达96 h;当有一定量的二甲二硫共存时,可延长甲硫醇的保存期限,以保证结果的有效性与准确性.     

基于GMM模型的山东省能源消费主要驱动因素分析研究

山东省是中国的经济大省和人口大省,更是能源消费最大的省份.本文运用广义矩阵模型(GMM)对2000-2014年间山东省能源消费的驱动因素进行分析,结果表明:山东省能源消费总量呈不断上升趋势,各驱动因素中人口规模影响最大,其次为城市化水平和第二产业比重,对外贸易与GDP增长影响较小且都为负效应.因此,依靠相关法律法规合理控制人口增长和城市化进程有利于减少能源消费水平.本文根据最新统计数据深入研究山东省能源消费的主要驱动.     

探地雷达在加油站地下罐区泄漏检测中的应用

运用探地雷达进行加油站埋地罐区油品泄漏检测,先后对8座加油站进行了埋地罐区泄漏测试,发现某加油站埋地罐区的疑似泄漏区域,并对疑似泄漏区域进行了验证确认。     

Thermodynamic analysis on heavy metals partitioning impacted by moisture during the MSW incineration

A thermodynamic calculation was carried out to predict the behavior and speciation of heavy metals (HMs), Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd, during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration with the different moisture levels. The calculation was based on the minimization of the total Gibbs free energy of the multi-components and multi-phases closed system reaching chemical equilibrium. The calculation also indicated the reaction directions and tendencies of HMs components. The impacts of chlorine additives (No PVC, 1%PVC, and 5%PVC) and moisture on the behavior of HMs were investigated at different temperature levels in the system (750 °C, 950 °C, and 1150 °C). Furthermore, because the incineration temperature falls down with the increase in moisture in waste, the co-influence of moisture and temperature in combusting MSW on the HMs was also studied with the given chlorine (as 1%PVC + 0.5%NaCl). The results showed that in the non-chlorine system, the impact of the moisture on Pb, Zn, and Cu was not significant, and the ratio of compound transformation was less than 10%, except the Cd compounds at 950 °C and 1150 °C. In the system with low chlorine (as 1%PVC) at constant temperature, the chlorides of HMs (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) transferred to oxides, and when the content of chlorine rose up (as 5%PVC), the ratio of the chlorides of HMs (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) transferring to oxides fell down noticeably. When the moisture varied together with the temperature, the Zn and Cu compounds transferred from chlorides to oxides with increase in moisture as well as decrease in temperature. At the temperature of 700–1000 °C, the impact of temperature on Pb and Cd was little and the moisture was the main factor; while at the temperature of 1000–1200 °C, the impact of increase in moisture and decrease in temperature on Pb and Cd was almost equal and reversed.     

坚持安全发展 推进综合监管——访国家安监总局副局长梁嘉琨

近年来，我国各级安全生产监管部门全面落实科学发展观，坚持安全发展的理念，认真履行安全生产综合监管职能，积极探索开展综合监管工作的措施、途径和手段，逐步构筑了“分类指导、职责明晰、条块结合、运行有序、机制完善”的安全生产综合监管机制和总体格局，全国安全生产综合监管建设取得了长足的进步。但是，在综合监管工作实践中，很多地区也都遇到并提出了同样的问题：《安全生产法》等法律法规中并没有对综合监管的内容作出明确的规定。     

Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy: A review of published blastocyst reanalysis concordance data

Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) reduces miscarriage risk, increases the success of IVF, shortens time to pregnancy, and reduces multiple gestation rates without compromising outcomes. The progression of PGT-A has included common application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) from single nucleotide polymorphism microarray, quantitative real-time PCR, and array comparative hybridization platforms of analysis. Additional putative advances in PGT-A capability include classifying embryos as mosaic and predicting the presence of segmental imbalance. A critical component in the process of technical validation of these advancements involves evaluation of concordance between reanalysis results and initial testing results. While many independent studies have investigated the concordance of results obtained from the remaining embryo with the original PGT-A diagnosis, compilation and systematic analysis of published data has not been performed. Here, we review results from 26 primary research articles describing concordance in 1271 human blastocysts from 2260 pairwise comparisons. Results illustrate significantly higher discordance from PGT-A methods which utilize NGS and include prediction of mosaicism or segmental imbalance. These results suggest caution when considering new iterations PGT-A.     

石化施工企业节能减排对策研究

从节能减排的背景和意义出发，根据石化施工企业在节能减排方面存在的问题，提出有关对策。