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621.
In this study, we present a general protocol for the making of surface-imprinted core-shell magnetic beads via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using RAFT agent functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as the chain transfer agent. The resulting composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface-imprinted magnetic beads were demonstrated with a homogeneous polymer films (thickness of about 22 nm), spherical shape, and exhibited magnetic property (Ms = 0.41 mA m2 g−1) and thermal stability. Rebinding experiments were carried out to determine the specific binding capacity and selective recognition. The as-synthesized surface-imprinted core-shell magnetic beads showed outstanding affinity and selectivity towards bisphenol A over structurally related compounds, and easily reach the magnetic separation under an external magnetic field. In addition, the resulting composites reusability without obviously deterioration in performance was demonstrated at least five repeated cycles. 相似文献
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Chen JA Luo J Qiu Z Xu C Huang Y Jin YH Saito N Yoshida T Ozawa K Cao J Shu W 《Chemosphere》2008,70(9):1545-1551
The Three Gorge Reservoir (TGR) is the largest reservoir in China and its water quality is an important health concern, we have determined the concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs in the water samples collected at three seasons: August 2004, January 2005 and August 2005. The results showed that the average WHO-TEQ of total dioxins-like compounds (PCDDs/PCDFs+PCBs) was 0.06558 pg l(-1), ranged from 0.0008 to 0.32439 pg l(-1), which are much lower than other reported water sources. The main dioxins (PCDDs/PCDFs) are hepta- and octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDFs). Since the levels of dioxins may change after the last water-store stage, the present study provides important data to compare the water quality in the TGR in the future. 相似文献
624.
原油及油制品中多环芳烃化学指纹的分布规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用原油及油制品中的多环芳烃(PAHs)化学指纹特征进行溢油鉴别是确定海上溢油事故污染源的重要技术.使用气相色谱一质谱联用方法测定了汽油E90#、汽油E93#、润滑油150SN、轻柴油-10#、柴油5#、重柴油180#、重柴油380#、俄罗斯原油及大庆原油的PAHs化学指纹图谱.结果表明,在各种PAHs中,萘(Nap)、2-甲基萘(2-MN)和1-甲基萘(1-MN)的含量最高,三者总和占52%~86%(质量分数,下同).轻质油(汽油、轻柴油、柴油和润滑油)和重质油(原油和重柴油)的化学指纹图谱存在明显差异:重质油中2-MN平均为28%,轻质油中Nap平均为42%.Nap/2-MN(Nap与2-MN质量比,以下各物质表述意义同)和Nap/1-MN的比值关系区分的趋势类似,并且存在典型的线性相关性(R=0.92,p<0.01).表明原油及油制品中的Nap、1-MN和2=MN的含量相对固定,使用Nap/2-MN和Nap/1-MN比值方法鉴别油类品种具有较高的可靠性.应用主成分分析方法对9种油样的PAHs化学指纹特征进行了分析,结果表明该方法是一种有效和有潜力的溢油鉴别方法. 相似文献
625.
Recycling and reusing recyclables is an important way to solve the municipal solid waste (MSW) problem. As the collection of solid waste takes up the largest percentage of MSW management budgets, improving the collection of recyclables is important. Since the decline of government-run waste buying depots in the late 1980s, the collection of recyclables from households and waste deposit sites in China is done by buyers with small informal bases and waste pickers, who are usually unskilled rural people who have come to the cities. Because of this, the current system is seen to have social problems. So, the recyclable collection system has both social as well as economic significance. China is in the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization, and a new mode of community collection system is emerging. It operates by market mechanisms, with waste collection companies that are supported by the municipal government, establishing recycle service sites, and employing workers to buy recyclables door-to-door. This paper is a case study of the new system in the Haidian District, Beijing. It summarizes the system, compares it to experiences in other countries and discusses whether the new approach contributes to resources recycling in China. 相似文献
626.
Batterman S Chernyak S Gwynn E Cantonwine D Jia C Begnoche L Hickey JP 《Chemosphere》2007,69(3):444-457
While few environmental measurements of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) were completed prior to the mid-1990s, analysis of appropriately archived samples might enable the determination of contaminant trends back to the introduction of these chemicals. In this paper, we first investigate the stability of BDEs in archived frozen and extracted fish samples, and then characterize trends of these chemicals in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in each of the Great Lakes between 1979 and 2005. We focus on the four most common congeners (BDE-47, 100, 99 and 153) and use a change-point analysis to detect shifts in trends. Analyses of archived fish samples yielded precise BDE concentration measurements with only small losses (0.8% per year in frozen fish tissues, 2.2% per year in refrigerated extracts). Trends in fish from all Great Lakes showed large increases in BDE concentrations that started in the early to mid-1980s with fairly consistent doubling times (generally 2-4 years except in Lake Erie smelt where levels increased very slowly), though concentrations and trends show differences by congener, fish species and lake. The most recent data show that accumulation rates are slowing, and concentrations of penta- and hexa-congeners in trout from Lakes Ontario and Michigan and smelt from Lake Ontario started to decrease in the mid-1990s. Trends in smelt and trout are evolving somewhat differently, and trout concentrations in the five lakes are now ranked as Michigan>Superior=Ontario>Huron=Erie, and smelt concentrations as Michigan>Ontario>Huron>Superior>Erie. The analysis of properly archived samples permits the reconstruction of historical trends, congener distributions, biomagnification and other information that can aid the understanding and management of these contaminants. 相似文献
627.
为揭示城市水环境中前驱体对全氟烷基酸(PFAAs)输入特征、分布格局及健康风险的影响,对南京城市污水处理厂出水、河流、湖泊、长江饮用水源地等水体进行了考察.利用HPLC-MS/MS及总可氧化前驱体法(TOP Assay)分析了17种PFAAs与其总可氧化前驱体的污染特征,并通过推演耐受剂量评估了饮水途径的健康风险商(HQ).结果表明,污水处理厂出水中PFAAs浓度90.6~278ng/L,主要单体PFBS、PFHxA、PFOA占总浓度的63%;总可氧化前驱体浓度239~839pmol/L,PFBA前驱体含量最高.城市地表水中PFAAs浓度61.8~157ng/L,总可氧化前驱体浓度195~572pmol/L,PFBA、PFPe A、PFHxA3种全氟羧酸的前驱体含量最高,城市河流流经人口密集区后,PFAAs赋存浓度有所上升,但总可氧化前驱体浓度下降.饮用水源地中PFAAs浓度50.9~54.6ng/L,总可氧化前驱体浓度273~372pmol/L,以PFBA、PFPe A和PFHx A3种全氟羧酸的前驱体为主.相对高风险来源于PFOS的免疫毒性(HQ=0.024)以及PFOA的发育毒性... 相似文献
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630.
为了解噻吩磺隆使用后在小麦及其环境中的残留情况,采取振荡提取、固相萃取净化和高效液相色谱残留检测方法,测定了田间施药条件下噻吩磺隆在小麦植株和土壤中的消解动态及其最终残留情况.结果表明,噻吩磺隆峰面积与质量浓度在0.012 53~5.025 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数达0.999 7.在土壤、小麦植株和籽粒上该农药的平均回收率分别为87.57%~90.70%、89.39%~95.90%、84.17%~89.32%,满足残留检测的要求.田间试验结果表明:噻吩磺隆在小麦植株和土壤中的半衰期分别为4.62~5.33 d和 7.70~9.90 d; 按推荐剂量施药,成熟时收获的小麦籽粒中噻吩磺隆的残留量均为未检出.研究表明,该药属易分解农药(Td<30 d),按推荐使用剂量使用是安全的. 相似文献