生态规划实效性评价指标体系研究——以《太仓生态市建设规划》实效性评价为例

首先提出了生态城市规划实效性的内涵,包含规划目标实现程度、规划效益、公众主观感受和规划实施过程合理性等4个方面。在此基础上建立包括规划编制过程、规划实施过程和规划实施结果3个阶段,涵盖政府、企业和公众等不同主体行为和利益特征的“从过程到结果”,具有复合价值观的规划实效性评价指标体系。通过太仓生态市建设规划实效性评价案例研究做了进一步论证：①生态城市规划主管部门是规划实效评价的主要推动者;②“从过程到结果”的评价思路和评价指标具有可操作性和灵活性;③规划过程评价方法的不成熟使其受到的关注有所降低。最后提出了若干规划编制和管理建议,以促进生态规划长效管理机制的形成。〖     

生态规划实效性评价指标体系研究——以《太仓生态市建设规划》实效性评价为例

首先提出了生态城市规划实效性的内涵,包含规划目标实现程度、规划效益、公众主观感受和规划实施过程合理性等4个方面。在此基础上建立包括规划编制过程、规划实施过程和规划实施结果3个阶段,涵盖政府、企业和公众等不同主体行为和利益特征的从过程到结果,具有复合价值观的规划实效性评价指标体系。通过太仓生态市建设规划实效性评价案例研究做了进一步论证:①生态城市规划主管部门是规划实效评价的主要推动者;②从过程到结果的评价思路和评价指标具有可操作性和灵活性;③规划过程评价方法的不成熟使其受到的关注有所降低。最后提出了若干规划编制和管理建议,以促进生态规划长效管理机制的形成。     

Synthesis of core-shell magnetic molecular imprinted polymer by the surface RAFT polymerization for the fast and selective removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals from aqueous solutions

In this study, we present a general protocol for the making of surface-imprinted core-shell magnetic beads via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using RAFT agent functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as the chain transfer agent. The resulting composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface-imprinted magnetic beads were demonstrated with a homogeneous polymer films (thickness of about 22 nm), spherical shape, and exhibited magnetic property (Ms = 0.41 mA m² g⁻¹) and thermal stability. Rebinding experiments were carried out to determine the specific binding capacity and selective recognition. The as-synthesized surface-imprinted core-shell magnetic beads showed outstanding affinity and selectivity towards bisphenol A over structurally related compounds, and easily reach the magnetic separation under an external magnetic field. In addition, the resulting composites reusability without obviously deterioration in performance was demonstrated at least five repeated cycles.     

油田清洁生产审核重点的确定

油田开发是一项由地下勘探与钻井、地面油气集输及水处理等多种工艺组成的复杂的系统工程,各工艺过程能源和资源的消耗,对环境的影响因素、范围和程度都不尽相同。文章按照清洁生产审核重点确定应遵循的原则,体现具有针对性、可为审核提供定量准确基础数据的特点,从原料(采出液等)、辅助材料和产品(外输原油等)的数量、主要生产设备运行情况和工艺流程、能源和资源消耗量、各类污染物的排放量等方面,探讨了油田在清洁生产审核过程中确定审核重点的方法。     

Levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers,hexabromocyclododecane, and tetrabromobisphenol A in sediments from Taihu Lake,China

The concentrations and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) were investigated in 28 sediment samples collected from Taihu Lake, Eastern China. The results showed that all three classes of compounds were detected in 28 sediment samples but that PBDEs were the main contaminants in the study area. The total PBDE concentrations ranged from 3.77 to 347 ng/g dry weight (dw) with a mean value of 72.8 ng/g dw, whereas the concentrations ranged from 0.168 to 2.66 and from 0.012 to 1.30 ng/g dw for HBCD and TBBPA, respectively. In all of the sediment samples, BDE-209 was the predominant congener, accounting for 95.9 to 98.6 % of the total PBDEs, which indicated that commercial mixtures of deca-BDEs were the main sources of PBDE contamination. Higher concentrations of PBDEs were found in samples collected from Meiliang Bay and Gonghu Bay near the inflow river, which suggested that inflow runoff might play an important role in the PBDE levels in Taihu Lake sediments.     

2014年1月沪渝高速公路汉宜段一次大雾个例分析

对2014年1月29~31日发生在沪渝高速公路湖北武汉—宜昌段(简称汉宜高速公路)的封路大雾过程气象要素进行分析。结果表明:(1)此次持续大雾过程发生时,近地层有逆温,地面处于高压底部前端的均压场,中纬度维持偏西气流,为大雾的形成和发展提供了有利的环流背景场条件;大雾消散后,地面处于冷高压控制;2)大雾造成的高速公路封路、解封前后,气象要素发生了较明显的变化。这些分析结果,对汉宜高速公路的大雾预警预报具有较好的指示意义。     

Levels and speciation of arsenic in the atmosphere in Beijing, China

Arsenic levels and speciation in the total suspended particles (TSPs) were quantitatively determined by high performance liquid chromatography on-line coupled with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry in Beijing, China from February 2009 to March 2011. The high TSP levels fluctuated between 0.07 and 0.79 mg m⁻³, with a mean level of 0.32 ± 0.17 mg m⁻³. The total arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 0.31 μg m⁻³ (mean: 0.13 ± 0.06 μg m⁻³) in Beijing‘s air. The concentrations of As(III) and As(V) ranged from 0.73 to 20 ng m⁻³ (mean: 4.7 ± 3.6 ng m⁻³) and from 14 to 2.5 × 10² ng m⁻³ (mean: 67 ± 35 ng m⁻³), respectively. As levels and speciation demonstrated relative higher levels in spring and autumn and lower values in summer and winter. As(V) accounted for 81-99% of the extractable species in the TSP samples which showed that As(V) was the major fraction of the extractable As. Organoarsenic species, monomethylarsonate (MMA) and dimethylarsinate (DMA) were not found in all samples. Higher values of enrichment factors demonstrated that arsenic in TSP mainly come from anthropogenic sources. High As and its species levels in air and respiratory exposure (0.30-0.84 μg d⁻¹) attributed to higher excess cancer risk ((4.2 ± 2.0) × 10⁻⁴) for people in Beijing.     

粉煤灰微波改性及其对Cr6+的吸附特性

将粉煤灰(fly ash,FA)微波辐照制得微波改性粉煤灰(MFA),选择用H2SO4、NaOH和Ca(OH)2对MFA进行化学改性制得微波化学改性粉煤灰(MMFA),结果表明,用2 mol/L NaOH并按与MFA的质量体积比为1∶4制得的MMFA对Cr6+的吸附去除效果最好,与原灰相比,去除率显著增强。研究了NaOH改性MMFA对废水中Cr6+的吸附性能。动力学研究结果表明,MMFA对Cr6+的吸附动力学符合二级吸附动力学速率方程,吸附受颗粒内扩散过程控制。热力学研究结果表明,在25、35和45℃下MMFA对Cr6+的等温吸附行为均可用Langmuir方程、Freundlich方程和线性方程描述,所得热力学参数吸附自由能(ΔG)、吸附焓(ΔH)和吸附熵(ΔS)均为负值,说明MMFA对Cr6+的吸附过程为自发进行的放热吸附过程。     

接种比对碱超声波耦合溶胞污泥水解酸化的影响

以城市污水生物处理过程中的剩余污泥减量化为研究背景,通过实验研究了经碱超声波耦合溶胞后的剩余污泥在不同接种比下水解酸化的效果,分析了污泥上清液中pH、SCOD、VFAs、NH4+-N和PO34--P等参数随时间的变化趋势。结果表明,溶胞污泥经过72 h的水解酸化反应,20%接种比下的水解酸化COD溶出率和VFAs增长率最高,分别为75.5%和177%。蛋白质水解程度为16.9%,也高于50%和70%两组接种比。此外,COD、NH4+-N和PO34--P等主要溶出物均在12 h后达到基本稳定状态。     

吸附分离辅助电渗透脱水过程中污泥的特性

电渗透技术对于城市污水厂污泥的深度脱水是非常有效的,但相对较高的能耗制约了它的广泛应用。为此,针对污泥电渗透脱水过程中阴极排水困难引起能耗高的问题,提出了吸附分离辅助电渗透脱水,同时考察了吸附分离辅助电渗透脱水过程中污泥中水分的运动特点、pH的变化以及离子的迁移规律。结果显示,吸附分离可以极大地提高污泥电渗透脱水的效果。且脱水过程中阳极附近污泥的含水率、pH均迅速减小;阴极附近污泥的含水率稍有减少,但pH却迅速增大;而中间层污泥的含水率及pH均没有发生变化。此外,电渗透脱水技术对于污泥中目标离子的去除非常有效,但同时容易导致非目标离子的去除。