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811.
812.
采用非等温热重分析和固定床热解实验研究了不干胶废弃物热解焦生成特性及热解焦燃烧特性,并计算了不同升温速率下热解焦的燃烧动力学参数。结果表明,不干胶废弃物热解焦产率随温度升高而逐渐降低,当热解终温在400~700℃时,热解焦产率在34.64%~22.03%之间;空气气氛下热解焦燃烧过程包括3个阶段:挥发分燃烧阶段(390~600℃)、混合燃烧阶段(390~600℃)和残炭燃烧与矿物分解阶段(650℃);升温速率对热解焦燃烧效果作用明显,升温速率越大,燃烧特性指数越高,燃烧稳定性越好;热解焦燃烧过程可以通过3个一级反应描述,当升温速率为40℃/min时热解焦燃烧各阶段表观活化能明显降低,表明升温速率提高有助于热解焦的燃烧反应活性,更有利于燃烧反应的进行。 相似文献
813.
研究了添加生物质炭对2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)在土壤中吸附和解吸行为的影响。结果表明,在受试天然土壤中添加不同量的生物质炭,土壤对BDE-47吸附能力的变化程度也将不同,当生物质炭添加量为2.0%(质量分数,下同)以下时,随着生物质炭添加量的增加,土壤对BDE-47吸附能力的提高程度越明显,BDE-47的解吸滞后性则呈现先上升后下降的趋势。当生物质炭添加量为0.1%、0.5%时,土壤单点分配系数分别为原土壤的0.98~1.39、1.02~1.50倍;当生物质炭添加量为1.0%、2.0%时,土壤单点分配系数分别为原土壤的1.44~1.68、3.25~3.27倍;生物质炭添加量为1.0%时,BDE-47的解吸滞后性最显著。 相似文献
814.
为了探索不干胶类包装废弃物的热解特性,采用热重分析手段分析了不同升温速率条件下不干胶类废弃物的失重特点,并且采用Ozawa法和KAS法比较分析不同转化率条件下的表观活化能分布.热重分析结果表明,不干胶类废弃物的热解主要分为3个阶段:第1阶段(室温~ 200℃)为不干胶类废弃物的干燥阶段,第2阶段(200 ~ 590℃)为热解的主要阶段,第3阶段(590 ~800℃)为热解半焦的深度热解阶段.升温速率对热解失重率有重要影响,Ozawa法和KAS法计算结果表明,2种方法计算的热解活化能比较接近,Ozawa法得到的活化能为349.9 kJ/mol,KAS法得到的活化能为336.9kJ/mol;并且不干胶类废弃物的热解表观活化能呈现出阶段性分布. 相似文献
815.
816.
以杂色云芝菌(Coriolus versicolor)发酵所产漆酶为催化剂,对溴酚蓝溶液进行脱色处理。探讨了反应温度、反应体系pH、反应时间、酶加入量、溴酚蓝质量浓度及金属离子和小分子介质的添加等因素对溴酚蓝溶液脱色率的影响。实验结果表明:在反应温度为40℃、反应体系pH为4.5、反应时间为240 min、酶加入量为60U/L、溴酚蓝质量浓度为40 mg/L的条件下,溴酚蓝溶液的脱色率达到94.5%;小分子物质2,2′-连氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻吡咯啉-6-磺酸)(ABTS)或金属离子的添加对溴酚蓝溶液的脱色效果没有明显的促进作用。 相似文献
817.
818.
Bingli Lei Yu Wen Xuetong Wang Jinmiao Zha Wei Li Zijian Wang Yanfeng Sun Jia Kang Yipei Wang 《Chemosphere》2013
The fertilized eggs of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to estrone (E1) at 5–5000 ng L−1 for 15 d, and the hatched fry were exposed continuously to the same concentrations for the additional 15 d. Adverse effects on hatchability, time to hatching, and gross abnormalities occurred at 50 ng L−1 or above. Then the fry were divided into a continual exposure group, and a water recovery group. When the fry were exposed to E1 for another 60 d, there was a decrease in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of males and the influence disappeared in the water recovery group. The gonadosonatic index (GSI) of females at 500 ng L−1 decreased significantly in another 60 d exposure. While the fry were maintained in dechlorinated tap water for 60 d, a significant decrease in female GSI was observed at 50 ng L−1 or above. An increased GSI was found in males in both continual exposure and water recovery groups at all E1 treatments. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that vitellogenin-I (Vtg-I) gene expressions in the female liver were significantly down-regulated at 50 ng L−1 in the continual exposure group, and at 500 ng L−1 in the water recovery group, while male Vtg-I genes were significantly up-regulated for all E1 treatments. In addition, all E1 treatments caused sex reversal of males. These results suggest that E1 at 5 ng L−1 or above have unrecoverable impacts on the gonadal growth and development of medaka, even if only early life stages were exposed to E1. 相似文献
819.
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs), one kind of emerging contaminants, have attracted great attentions in recent years. However, the study about their bioaccumulation mechanism remains scarce. In this research, the bioaccumulation of six kinds of PFAs in water flea Daphnia magna was studied. The uptake rates of PFAs in D. magna ranged from 178 to 1338 L kg?1 d?1, and they increased with increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length; the elimination rates ranged from 0.98 to 2.82 d?1. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of PFAs ranged from 91 to 380 L kg?1 in wet weight after 25 d exposure; they increased with increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length and had a significant positive correlation with the n-octanol/water partition coefficients (log Kow) of PFAs (p < 0.05). This indicated that the hydrophobicity of PFAs plays an important role in their bioaccumulation. The BAFs almost kept constant when the PFA concentrations in aqueous phase increased from 1 to 10 μg L?1. Scenedesmus subspicatus, as the food of D. magna, did not significantly affect the bioaccumulation of PFAs by D. magna. Furthermore, the body burden of PFAs in the dead D. magna was 1.08–2.52 times higher than that in the living ones, inferring that the body surface sorption is a main uptake route of PFAs in D. magna. This study suggested that the bioaccumulation of PFAs in D. magna is mainly controlled by their partition between organisms and water; further research should be conducted to study the intrinsic mechanisms, especially the roles of protein and lipid in organisms. 相似文献
820.
从南京地震台DK - 1中长周期地震记录 ,取得地震面波的尾波地动双振幅A随尾波推移时间τ(自图上P波起算 )的衰减关系 ,并以MS(PEK)震级标度为基准 ,定义面波的尾波震级MSC=0 88lgAH+1 51lgτH+0 73 =0 86lgAZ+1 47lgτZ+0 76 ,尾波的多点测量改善了MSC的精度 ,震级标准差S=0 1 2。 相似文献