UASB技术处理中小城镇生活垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

本文针对目前中小城镇生活垃圾渗滤液处理的现状 ,运用上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)处理垃圾渗滤液 ,反应器容积 131.6 2 L ,发酵温度 17～ 31℃ ,进水 CODCr5 0 0 0～ 12 0 0 0 mg/L ,有机负荷 7～ 12 Kg CODCr(m3· d) ,HRT为 19～2 7h,CODCr去除率达到 90 % ,取得较好的效果。并研究了系统的启动控制条件及有机污染物去除效果影响因素 ,获得了重要的控制参数 ,如运行温度、容积负荷率、水力停留时间、污泥负荷率等 ,为 UASB处理垃圾渗滤液找到了可行的途径。     

适用于低氨污水的高效氨氧化菌的分离筛选及其氨氧化特性

文章从生活污水中富集得到了一种培养物,其中的唯一自养氨氧化菌被命名为Nitrosomonas europaea SH-3。研究了亚硝氮浓度、盐度、温度和pH对其生长的影响,并探究了其在低氨污水中的脱氨效果及最大比增长速率。结果表明,该培养物的半数抑制亚硝氮浓度<500 mg/L,半数抑制盐度为0.5%～1%(以NaCl计);最适生长温度为32.2℃,最适pH为7.7。该培养物在低氨污水中的氨氮去除率能达到92.64%～100%,最大比增长速率为(2.34±0.35) d~(-1),最短代时为(7.28±1.07) h。该培养物生长迅速,对氨的亲和力高,在低氨污水中具有较高的应用价值。     

Significant coal combustion contribution to water-soluble brown carbon during winter in Xingtai, China: Optical properties and sources

To understand the characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC), daily PM_2.5 samples in Xingtai, a small city in North China Plain (NCP), during the four seasons of 2018-2019, were collected and analyzed for optical properties and chemical compositions. The light absorption at 365 nm (abs_{λ=365 nm}) displayed a strong seasonal variation with the highest value in winter (29.0±14.3 M/m), which was 3.2∼5.4-fold of that in other seasons. A strong correlation of abs_{λ=365 nm} with benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) was only observed in winter, indicating that coal combustion was the major source for BrC in the season due to the enhanced domestic heating. The mass absorbing efficiency of BrC also exhibited a similar seasonal pattern, and was found to correlate linearly with the aerosol pH, suggesting a positive effect of aerosol acidity on the optical properties and formation of BrC in the city. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis further showed that on a yearly basis the major source for BrC was biomass burning, which accounted for 34% of the total BrC, followed by secondary formation (26.7%), coal combustion (21.3%) and fugitive dust (18%). However, the contribution from coal combustion was remarkably enhanced in winter, accounting for ∼40% of the total. Our work revealed that more efforts of “shifting coal to clean energy” are necessary in rural areas and small cities in NCP in order to further mitigate PM_2.5 pollution in China.     

用移动床生物膜反应器处理石化废水

采用悬浮填料移动床生物膜反应器处理石化废水,在水力停留时间大于6h、反应器填料投加率为50％的条件下,出水COD、NH3－N、SS、浊度等均达到国家排放标准,在水力停留时间大于8h时,能达到良好的硝化效果。     

一起换流变阀侧套管升高座重瓦斯动作原因分析

在已经投入运行的换流站中,换流变压器的非电气量保护在换流变压器保护中占有重要地位。通过介绍某±660 kV换流站换流变压器阀侧套管升高座重瓦斯保护动作的经过,利用现场收集的换流变非电量保护及保护暂态故障录波对故障进行分析,同时对一、二次设备进行事故后的检查和试验,得出此次故障的主因是瓦斯继电器行程较小引起的误动,并提出了相应的预防和改善措施。     

海藻酸钠固定化纳米铁还原脱色活性红X3B

采用海藻酸钠固定纳米铁制备海藻酸钠纳米铁小球,研究了海藻酸钠浓度、纳米铁含量、活性红X3B浓度、反应温度、pH值等对海藻酸钠固定化纳米铁小球还原活性红X3B的影响.采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）、紫外可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）等方法分析污染物的还原脱色过程.结果表明,X3B的还原脱色获得了较好的效果,当温度25.0℃,海藻酸钠浓度2.0%,纳米铁含量2.0g/L,转速200r/min,pH值10.9时,反应720min后,25.0mg/L活性红X3B的脱色率达98.9%.海藻酸钠凝胶对活性红X3B没有吸附作用,海藻酸钠固定化纳米铁小球降解活性红X3B的主要机制为纳米零价铁的还原作用.     

基于注意力机制的人群计数方法

为准确预测固定场景中的人群计数,在人群分析领域,采用一种融合注意力机制的卷积神经网络(CNN)进行人群计数,该模块结合空间域注意力和通道域注意力,空间域注意力可以编码整个图像的像素级上下文信息,以更准确地表达像素级别的密度图,而通道域注意力可以在不同的通道中提取更多的区分特征使网络显著表达人群的局部区域,并在多个公开数...     

Influence of human activity and monsoon dynamics on spatial and temporal hydrochemistry in tropical coastal waters (Sanya Bay,South China Sea)

Human activities and oceanic influences like mixing and/or upwelling define the hydrochemical and biological characteristics of coastal regions. In Sanya Bay, northern South China Sea, the balance between these two influences on spatial and temporal scales is poorly understood. The influence from human activities was due to discharge from Sanya River, whereas the most important marine influence was related to seasonal changes in hydrodynamics. Spatial differences (p<0.05) in total nitrogen (TN) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were observed. Seasonal differences were observed for temperature and nutrients. Human activities are the dominant factor influemcing hydrochemistry in the inner bay. This region exhibited the maximum influence of discharge from Saya River as estimated by higher nutrient levels. Oceanic influences like upwelling and mixing caused by monsoons are the dominant factors influencing hydrochemistry in the central and outer bay. Both human activities and oceanic influences play important roles in coastal ecosystems in Sanya Bay. This study has defined these characteristics so that better management policies can be enacted.     

笔谈:食物浪费

食物浪费是我们长期高度关注和社会发展迫切需要解决的问题,如何正确认识食物浪费并尽量减少食物浪费是研究的重点。文章认为食物浪费是一面折射社会文明的多棱镜,需要从多角度认识食物浪费产生的原因及后果,谨防减少食物浪费的努力变成更大的浪费,减少食物浪费要多管齐下,既要节约,又要推进健康饮食文化,借鉴国外研究方法和经验,填补中国食物浪费数据空白,构建资源智慧型食物系统。     

农村生活污水土地处理示范项目的可推广性研究——以上海为例

农村生活污水处理示范项目建造的目的就是为了大面积地推广,但是一个适宜推广的示范项目至少应该满足技术可行、成本有效和管理便捷的要求。以上海市汇中村和双津村为例,从技术适用性、成本有效性、管理便捷性三方面对农村生活污水土地处理示范项目的可推广性进行了分析。研究发现,采用土地处理系统的示范项目,技术上可以基本满足农村生活污水处理的要求,管理上非常便捷,可以由农民自行维护,比较有利于推广;但从成本有效性方面来看,现有示范项目还存在较大的成本下降空间。在实现成本有效的条件下,农村生活污水生地处理示范项目将具有很强的推广空间。