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191.
de Abreu Íthalo Barbosa Silva de Sousa Maria Helena da Silva Andressa Pereira de Araújo Padilha Carlos Eduardo Sales Aldo Torres da Silva Antonio Samuel Alves Dutra Emmanuel Damilano Menezes Rômulo Simões Cezar 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(3):1309-1324
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The use of food waste (FW) for the production of biofuels and value-added compounds is growing worldwide. However, the significant chemical... 相似文献
192.
Druzian Daniel Moro Muraro Pâmela Cristine Ladwig Oviedo Leandro Rodrigues da Costa Matheus Londero Wouters Robson Dias Loureiro Sthéfany Nunes da Silva William Leonardo dos Santos João Henrique Zimnoch 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(5):2691-2705
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Waste water contaminated with inorganic mercury is considered a serious environmental problem, mainly due to the hazardous effects this contaminant... 相似文献
193.
Joshua S. Stoll Eliza J. Oldach Taylor Witkin Kathleen Reardon David C. Love Patricia Pinto da Silva 《Ambio》2022,51(4):926
Climate change, overfishing, and other anthropogenic drivers are forcing marine resource users and decision makers to adapt—often rapidly. In this article we introduce the concept of pathways to rapid adaptation to crisis events to bring attention to the double-edged role that institutions play in simultaneously enabling and constraining swift responses to emerging crises. To develop this concept, we draw on empirical evidence from a case study of the iconic Maine lobster (Homarus americanus) industry. In the Gulf of Maine, the availability of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) stock, a key source of bait in the Maine lobster industry, declined sharply. We investigate the patterns of bait use in the fishery over an 18-year period (2002–2019) and how the lobster industry was able to abruptly adapt to the decline of locally-sourced herring in 2019 that came to be called the bait crisis. We found that adaptation strategies to the crisis were diverse, largely uncoordinated, and imperfectly aligned, but ultimately led to a system-level shift towards a more diverse and globalized bait supply. This shift was enabled by existing institutions and hastened an evolution in the bait system that was already underway, as opposed to leading to system transformation. We suggest that further attention to raceways may be useful in understanding how and, in particular, why marine resource users and coastal communities adapt in particular ways in the face of shocks and crises.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01617-8. 相似文献
194.
M. Ianistcki C. Sauer J. da Silva 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(7):2037-2042
The purpose of this study was to biomonitor metropolitan areas of Porto Alegre (Brazil) for PAHs associated with atmospheric particles and check their effects on the DNA of the land mollusk Helix aspersa. The sampling sites are located in an urban area with heavy traffic: (i) Canoas, (ii) Sapucaia do Sul, and (iii) FIERGS/Porto Alegre. The samples were collected during a continuous period of 24 hours during 15 days using Stacked Filter Units (SFU) on polycarbonate filters (two separated size fractions: PM10-2.5 and PM<2.5). The concentrations of 16 major PAHs were determined according to EPA. Comet assay on H. aspersa hemolymph cells was chosen for genotoxicity evaluation. This evaluation shows that, in general, the smaller PM-size fractions (PM<2.5) have the highest genotoxicity and contain higher concentrations of extractable organic matter. In addition, associations between chemical characteristics and PM carcinogenicity tend to be stronger for the smaller PM-size fractions. 相似文献
195.
Amarasiri de Silva MW 《Disasters》2009,33(2):253-273
The provision of humanitarian aid at times of disaster in multi-ethnic community settings may lead to conflict, tension and even the widening of the distance between various ethnic groups. That aid agencies distribute humanitarian aid directly to affected communities, to speed up recovery, may often lead to chaos and the intensification of ethnic sentiments. The new distribution mechanisms introduced for the delivery of tsunami aid in Ampara District, Sri Lanka, did not recognise local networks and the culture of the ethnically mixed community setting. This paper analyses post-tsunami aid distribution in Ampara and shows how such an extemporised effort in an ethnically cognisant context increased ethnic division, inequality and disorder, while marginalising the poor segments of the affected population. It recommends the inclusion of local networks in aid dissemination as a measure for improving ethnic neutrality and social harmony in disaster-hit multi-ethnic communities. 相似文献
196.
Remote sensing of aquatic vegetation: theory and applications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Aquatic vegetation is an important component of wetland and coastal ecosystems, playing a key role in the ecological functions
of these environments. Surveys of macrophyte communities are commonly hindered by logistic problems, and remote sensing represents
a powerful alternative, allowing comprehensive assessment and monitoring. Also, many vegetation characteristics can be estimated
from reflectance measurements, such as species composition, vegetation structure, biomass, and plant physiological parameters.
However, proper use of these methods requires an understanding of the physical processes behind the interaction between electromagnetic
radiation and vegetation, and remote sensing of aquatic plants have some particular difficulties that have to be properly
addressed in order to obtain successful results. The present paper reviews the theoretical background and possible applications
of remote sensing techniques to the study of aquatic vegetation. 相似文献
197.
Katsumiti A Domingos FX Azevedo M da Silva MD Damian RC Almeida MI de Assis HC Cestari MM Randi MA Ribeiro CA Freire CA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,152(1-4):209-222
The Vicuña oil tanker exploded in Paranaguá Bay (South of Brazil), during methanol unloading operations in front of Paranaguá Harbour, on November 15th, 2004, releasing a large amount of bunker oil and methanol. Two weeks after the accident, the acute effects of the Vicuña Oil Spill (VOS) were evaluated in the demersal catfish Cathorops spixii, comparing a contaminated (at the spill site) and a reference site inside the Bay. Data were compared to previous measurements, taken before the accident, in the same species, from the same sites. The physiological biomarkers were the ones that best reflected acute effects of the spill: plasma osmolality, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Morphological (liver and gill histopathology) and genetic (piscine micronucleus and DNA strand breaks) biomarkers revealed that damage was already present in fishes from both reference and contaminated sites inside the Bay. Thus, the reference site is not devoid of contamination, as water circulation tends to spread the contaminants released into other areas of the Bay. Acute field surveys of oil spill effects in harbour areas with a long history of contamination should thus be viewed with caution, and whenever possible previous evaluations should be considered for proper appraisal of biomarker sensitivity, especially in mobile bioindicators such as fish. 相似文献
198.
da Costa AO Silva PF Sabará MG da Costa EF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,155(1-4):527-538
This paper reports the using of neural networks for water quality analysis in a tropical urban stream before (2002) and after sewerage building and the completion of point-source control-based sanitation program (2003). Mathematical modeling divided water quality data in two categories: (a) input of some in situ water quality variables (temperature, pH, O2 concentration, O2 saturation and electrical conductivity) and (b) water chemical composition (N-NO2(-); N-NO3(-); N-NH4(+) Total-N; P-PO4(3-); K+; Ca2+; Mg+2; Cu2+; Zn2+ and Fe+3) as the output from tested models. Stream water data come from fortnightly sampling in five points along the Ipanema stream (Southeast Brazil, Minas Gerais state) plus two points downstream and upstream Ipanema discharge into Doce River. Once the best models are consistent with variables behavior we suggest that neural networking shows potential as a methodology to enhance guidelines for urban streams restoration, conservation and management. 相似文献
199.
Gérsica Moraes Nogueira da Silva Renata Maria C. M. de Oliveira Carvalho Ana Carla Asfora El-Deir Maria do Carmo Martins Sobral Marianna Siegmund-Schultze 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(7):1889-1899
Currently, artisanal fisheries in fresh water reservoirs have been losing ground to commercial fish farming and a great deal of fishery resources are being threatened by human interventions, such as reservoir management and increasing net-cage aquaculture. This study aims to understand the impacts of environmental changes on fishery resources and analyse the migratory fish breeding season as a missing link for fishery management in the semi-arid area of the São Francisco River Basin. Among the 870 fishermen operating in the Pernambuco part of the Itaparica Reservoir, 10% were interviewed and affirmed that fish stocks have been compromised due to the closed fishing period’s incoherence, exotic species insertion, and changes to the river flow caused by reservoir construction and operation. A significant correlation was observed between the Reproductive Activity Index (RAI) and precipitation (p?=?0.745) as well as between the RAI and the river’s flow (p?=??0.909). This shows how important it is to consider both the semi-arid climate setting and reservoir operation in determining the closed period which should safeguard fish reproduction. Monitoring the fish reproduction period and research on the reproductive biology of native fish species is needed in the São Francisco River Basin’s different stretches in order to guarantee valuable fish stocks and fisheries maintenance. Integrated action between the fish resource users, civil society, and federal bodies/agencies is essential in order to mitigate impacts and improve fish production systems, not only in Brazil, but in other regions experiencing a similar scenario. 相似文献
200.
De Silva Sena S. Turchini Giovanni M. 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2008,21(5):459-467
The status of wild capture fisheries has induced many fisheries and conservation scientists to express concerns about the
concept of using forage fish after reduction to fishmeal and fish oil, as feed for farmed animals, particularly in aquaculture.
However, a very large quantity of forage fish is being also used untransformed (fresh or frozen) globally for other purposes,
such as the pet food industry. So far, no attempts have been made to estimate this quantum, and have been omitted in previous
fishmeal and fish oil exploitation surveys. On the basis of recently released data on the Australian importation of fresh
or frozen fish for the canned cat food industry, here we show that the estimated amount of raw fishery products directly utilized
by the cat food industry equates to 2.48 million metric tonnes per year. This estimate, plus the previously reported global
fishmeal consumption for the production of dry pet food suggest that 13.5% of the total 39.0 million tonnes of wild caught
forage fish is used for purposes other than human food production. This study attempts to bring forth information on the direct
use of fresh or frozen forage fish in the pet food sector that appears to have received little attention to this date and
that needs to be considered in the global debate on the ethical nature of current practices on the use of forage fish, a limited
biological resource. 相似文献