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311.
Débora Toledo Ramos Leila Teresinha Maranho Ana Flávia Locateli Godoi Marco Aurélio da Silva Carvalho Filho Luiz Gustavo Lacerda Eliane Carvalho de Vasconcelos 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2009,9(3-4):293-302
Petroliferous activities in Brazil have an accelerated development in the last years. As a consequence, the incidence of environmental accidents such as oil spills and contamination of soils has increased significantly. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to develop remediation techniques with lower costs, decontamination efficiency and impact minimisation. The aim of this work was to evaluate Sebastiania commersoniana phytoremediation potential in soil contaminated by petroleum. This species, which is a native tree, was selected due to its proven capacity for surviving in areas contaminated by petroleum. Experiments were carried out with soils that were vegetated but non-contaminated, soils that were freshly contaminated (25, 50 and 75 g kg?1) but non-vegetated, and soils that were vegetated and contaminated, samples were collected 60 and 424 days after contamination with the purpose of evaluating the percentage of petroleum degradation in relation to the time. The results obtained in the present study allow us to state that S. commersoniana proves to be tolerant to petroleum contamination with respect to plant’s growth. The degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated by gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) equipped with a capillary column HP-5 (5% phenyl-methylpolysiloxane, 30 m; 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm). According to chromatographic analysis, samples in contact with S. commersoniana showed a significant area reduction of the hydrocarbon peaks. Analysis of the 60-day samples showed a reduction of petroleum hydrocarbons area higher than 60% and the 424-day samples showed a reduction higher than 94%, which demonstrates that a petroleum degradation process is occurring. 相似文献
312.
313.
Sandro José de Andrade Joyce Cristale Flávio Soares Silva Guilherme Julião Zocolo Mary R.R. Marchi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(24):2913-2919
In Brazil, sugar-cane crops are burned to facilitate harvesting, and this causes environmental pollution from the large amounts of smoke and soot that are released into the atmosphere. The smoke and soot contain numerous organic compounds such as PAHs. In this study, PM10 and PAH concentrations in the air of Araraquara (SE Brazil, with around 200,000 inhabitants and surrounded by sugar-cane plantations) were determined during the harvest and non-harvest seasons. The sampling strategy included two campaigns in each season, with 20 samples per season. PM10 was collected using a Hi-vol sampler with Teflon? – coated glass fiber filters. PM10 ranged from 41 to 181 μg m?3 during the harvest season, and from 12 to 47 μg m?3 during the non-harvest season. The mean total concentration of PAHs was 2.5 ng m?3 (non-harvest season) and 11.6 ng m?3 (harvest season). In all sampling periods, the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were phenanthrene and fluoranthrene, and the least abundant was anthracene. The cluster analysis of the total PAH concentrations for each day of sampling and the corresponding meteorological data suggested that the atmospheric concentration of PAHs was independent of the differences in the weather between the seasons. For both sampling seasons, the statistical treatment (PCA, Varimax rotation and HCA) indicated the presence of vehicle sources (diesel, gasoline, and natural-gas engines); but for the harvest season, the main source was attributed to sugar-cane burning. The data generated by this study indicated the burning of sugar-cane as the main contributor to the high levels of PAHs detected in samples during the sugar-cane harvest season. 相似文献
314.
Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros Taline Cristina da Silva Alyson Luiz Santos de Almeida 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(2):189-195
Given the excessive use pressure on forests, characterisation of the major users of forest resources can help guide conservation efforts. This study examines whether socio-economic variables explain domestic wood use in an area of Atlantic forest in the community of Três Ladeiras (Pernambuco, north-east Brazil). Socio-economic data were collected from 62 households, and geometric measurements of wood products in each household were taken to calculate the wood volume. An informant in each household indicated the average replacement time for each type of wood use. Data were analysed for static volume (wood volume found at the time of the visit) and dynamic volume (rate of wood consumption, calculated as the ratio between volume and replacement time). Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the relationships between wood volume (static and dynamic) and the number of species used; independent variables including monthly family income, number of residents, average age of heads of the household, age of oldest household member, average residence time of heads of the household, average education level of heads of the household and education level of the most educated household member. Monthly income was inversely related to the static wood volume (adjusted R 2 = 17.6%, p < 0.001), rate of wood consumption (adjusted R 2 = 23.0%, p < 0.001) and number of species used (adjusted R 2 = 22.3%, p < 0.001) and was the most important predictive variable for these three outcomes. Other factors such as average education level and average age of heads of the household were also explanatory variables of the total rate of wood consumption, as these two variables, together with monthly family income, explain 31.3% of the total dynamic volume. Given the high importance of income in our study, we suggest that future conservation strategies give special attention to the poorest members of the community. 相似文献
315.
Alberto T. Correia Ana A. Ramos Filipe Barros Gon?alo Silva Paul Hamer Pedro Morais Regina L. Cunha Rita Castilho 《Marine Biology》2012,159(7):1509-1525
Genetic variation (mtDNA) of the European conger eel, Conger conger, was compared across five locations in the north-eastern Atlantic (Madeira, Azores, South Portugal, North Portugal and Ireland) and one location in the western Mediterranean (Mallorca). Genetic diversity of conger eel was high, and differentiation among regions was not significant. Additionally, comparisons of element:Ca ratios (Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, Mn:Ca and Mg:Ca) in otolith cores (larval phase) and edges (3?months prior to capture) among the Azores, North Portugal, Madeira and Mallorca regions for 2?years indicated that variation among regions were greater for edges than cores. Therefore, while benthic conger may display residency at regional scales, recruitment may not necessarily be derived from local spawning and larval retention. Furthermore, data from otoliths suggest a separated replenishment source for western Mediterranean and NE Atlantic stocks. The combination of genetics and otolith chemistry suggests?a population model for conger eel involving a broad-scale dispersal of larvae, with limited connectivity for benthic juvenile life stages at large spatial scales, although the existence of one or multiple spawning grounds for the species remains uncertain. 相似文献
316.
Leão Marcos Lorran Paranhos Penteado Julia Oliveira Ulguim Sabrina Morales Gabriel Rômulo Reginato dos Santos Marina Brum Aline Neutzling Zhang Linjie da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(31):41843-41850
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Studies around the world have revealed reduced levels of atmospheric particulate matter in periods of greatest human mobility restriction to contain... 相似文献
317.
Lilian Rodrigues Rosa Souza Luiza Carolina Pomarolli Mrcia Andreia Mesquita Silva da Veiga 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10205-10227
Soil pollution with toxic elements is a recurrent issue due to environmental disasters, fossil fuel burning, urbanization, and industrialization, which have contributed to soil contamination over the years. Therefore, the remediation of toxic metals in soil is always an important topic since contaminated soil can affect the environment, agricultural safety, and human health. Many remediation methods have been developed; however, it is essential to ensure that they are safe, and also take into account the limitation of each methodology (including high energy input and generation of residues). This scenario has motivated this review, where we explore soil contamination with arsenic, lead, mercury, and chromium and summarize information about the methods employed to remediate each of these toxic elements such as phytoremediation, soil washing, electrokinetic remediation, and nanoparticles besides elucidating some mechanisms involved in the remediation. Considering all the discussed techniques, nowadays, different techniques can be combined together in order to improve the efficiency of remediation besides the new approach of the techniques and the use of one technique for remediating more than one contaminant. 相似文献
318.
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - This paper presents an extension of the Geostatistical model under preferential sampling in order to accommodate possible local repulsion effects. This... 相似文献
319.
Mónica A. Silva Rui Prieto Sara Magalh?es Maria I. Seabra Ricardo S. Santos Philip S. Hammond 《Marine Biology》2009,156(2):179-192
Very little is known about the ecology of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) living in oceanic waters. This study investigated the ranging and residence patterns of bottlenose dolphins occurring in
the Azores (Portugal), the most isolated archipelago in the North Atlantic. Data were collected during standardized boat-based
surveys conducted over a 6-year period in an area of approximately 5,400 km2 (main study area). To investigate the extent of movements of individual animals, non-systematic surveys were also conducted
outside this area. Only 44 individuals out of 966 identified were frequently sighted within and between years. The remaining
individuals were either temporary migrants from within or outside the archipelago, or transients. Resident dolphins showed
strong geographic fidelity to the area. Long-distance movements (of almost 300 km), consistent with foraging or exploratory
trips, were observed among non-resident dolphins. Home range size was estimated for 31 individuals sighted ≥10 times. Range
areas of these dolphins varied in size and location, but considerable overlap was observed in the areas used, suggesting the
absence of habitat partitioning between resident and non-resident dolphins. Estimates of home range size of bottlenose dolphins
in the Azores were found to be considerably larger than those previously reported for this species. It is hypothesized that
dolphins living in the Azores carry out extensive movements and have large home ranges in response to the lower density and
patchy distribution of prey compared to other areas. The extensive ranging behaviour and the lack of territoriality provide
an opportunity for interbreeding between dolphins associated with different islands, thus preventing genetic differentiation
within the population of the Azores. 相似文献
320.
da Rosa Salles Theodoro da Silva Bruckamann Franciele Viana Altevir Rossato Krause Luciana Maria Fontanari Mortari Sergio Roberto Rhoden Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(7):2695-2713
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - This study reports a simple methodology of obtaining magnetic nanocrystalline cellulose under very mild conditions employing only Fe2+ as the iron source,... 相似文献