强化混凝技术处理二沉池出水的正交试验研究

某城市污水处理厂二沉池出水拟采用强化混凝技术进行深度处理后用作邻近发电厂的冷却用水。为了指导生产运行,采用正交试验对强化混凝技术的主要影响因素进行了研究。结果表明：影响因素的主次顺序为助凝剂投加量>搅拌转速>接触污泥浓度>絮凝阶段的pH。强化混凝技术处理该二沉池出水的最佳运行工况：PAM浓度为0.3 mg/L,接触污泥浓度为2.5 g/L,搅拌转速为80 r/min,pH为6.0。在最佳运行工况下,浊度由10.0 NTU降至0.5 NTU以下,TP浓度由1.5 mg/L左右降至1.0 mg/L以下,最低可达0.2 mg/L,优于GB/T 19923—2005《城市污水再生利用 工业用水水质》的相关要求。     

First evidence of unicellular glands in the general epidermis of terrestrial reptiles

The general integument of reptiles is traditionally defined as being dry, but we report here the discovery of unicellular mucoid glands (UCMG) in the dorsal skin of lizards of the genus Phelsuma (Gekkonidae). To this end, the skin of these lizards and of some others for comparison was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. These photographs showed that the development and function of the UCMGs are related to the skin's sloughing cycle. The UCMGs differentiate at scattered locations from Oberh?utchen cells of the inner (new) epidermal generation, above the differentiating beta-keratin layer. While the inner generation matures, the UCMG increases in size; unlike the surrounding Oberh?utchen cells, it does not develop the spinules that characterize gecko skin. When, upon sloughing, the inner generation becomes the new outer generation, and the Oberh?utchen forms the skin surface, the UCMGs, several per scale, dot the surface as mucus-inflated "blebs" projecting from the surrounding spinulate Oberh?utchen, each nesting in a shallow pit of the underlying beta-keratin. On the surface, the UCMGs rupture and the mucus appears to dissipate in cords, flowing over the tips of the spinules, and incorporating minute foreign bodies. It is concluded that, due to the low wettability of the spinulate surface (derived from the spacing of the spinules), the cords brush off easily, with the mucus functioning as a cleaning agent.     

Work schedule flexibility and family life

This paper explores the implications of work schedule flexibility for family life. Based on data from the 1977 Quality of Employment Survey, it demonstrates that flexibility of work schedules moderates the effects of nonstandard work schedules on family life. That is, nonstandard work schedules tend to have a less negative association with the quality of family life when accompanied by a high level of schedule flexibility. The paper further demonstrates that this tendency of flexibility to act as a buffer against the negative effects of nonstandard work schedules on family life is more pronounced among working women than working men.     

Stress among air traffic controllers: Occupational sources of coronary heart disease risk

This study attempts to assess the sources of occupational stress on air traffic controllers. It is based on data collected from a majority of air traffic controllers at a large U.K. airport. There are two unique methodological features described in this article. First, the use of the repertory grid technique as a method of generating work stressor variables, and second, the use of the multiple logistic equation as a coronary heart disease risk index.     

Using surfactant-modified clays to determine sorption mechanisms for a representative organic base, quinoline

Sorption of a representative ionizable nitrogen heterocycle, quinoline (pKa = 4.92), was investigated to determine the relative contributions of the neutral and protonated species to the overall process. Batch sorption experiments were conducted on surfactant-modified clays that were synthesized from the exchange of hexadecyltrimethylammonium cations for resident sodium cations on a specimen smectite (Swy-2) at 0, 60, 80, and 100% of the clay's cation exchange capacity (CEC). Hexadecyltrimethylammonium exchange creates highly effective organic partitioning domains within the clay interlayers in proportion to their coverage on the exchange complex. The fractionally exchanged clays, therefore, provided discrete exchange and organic partitioning domains for the protonated and neutral species of quinoline. Data were described by a combined Langmuir-linear isotherm that permitted independent characterization of both sorption components. Results indicated that cationic sorption dominated but that the neutral species can contribute substantially given sufficient organic carbon content relative to the CEC and at pH above the pKa of quinoline. The data obtained in this study for quinoline demonstrated that the combined isotherm (including cation exchange and hydrophobic partitioning terms) describes sorption data and compares favorably with the purely empirical Freundlish isotherm.