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821.
822.
823.
针对城市污水处理厂尾水生产高品质再生水过程中产生的反渗透浓水N H 4 + -N浓度高、盐度高等特点,采用亚硝化-反硝化二级移动床生物膜反应器(二级MBBR)中试装置进行深度脱氮,比较填料填充率(filling ratio,FR)分别为51%、42%和32%情况下,二级MBBR对N H 4 + -N、N O 3 - -N和CODCr等污染物的去除效果。结果表明:亚硝化MBBR中填料FR分别为51%、42%和32%时,N H 4 + -N平均去除率分别为67.0%±4.0%、71.3%±8.9%和73.2%±6.1%,FR优选32%;反硝化MBBR填料FR分别为51%、42%和32%时,N O 3 - -N平均去除率分别为73.1%±4.2%、63.7%±9.4%和64.9%±10.4%。考虑到经济性,优选填料FR为32%。 相似文献
824.
土壤是甲烷(CH4)重要的源和汇.氮沉降和降水格局变化正在急剧改变土壤碳循环,进而可能对土壤CH4通量造成深刻影响.高寒生态系统是巨大的碳库,对氮沉降和降水变化十分敏感.然而,目前多数研究集中在短期实验上,缺乏对长期氮沉降和降水变化背景下CH4通量的响应及其调控因素的认识.以青藏高原高寒草原为研究对象,在2013年搭建模拟氮沉降和降水格局改变实验平台.基于静态箱–气相色谱法测定2020年生长季(5-10月)土壤CH4通量.结果显示,高寒草原土壤呈CH4的汇.氮添加没有显著改变生长季和植物生长高峰CH4通量.然而,降水变化显著改变了生长季和植物生长高峰CH4通量,其中降水增加(+50%降水)降低了CH4的吸收(分别为–16%和–45%),降水减少(–50%降水)增强了CH4的吸收(分别为+73%和+33%).进一步研究发现,与植物属性和功能基因丰度相比,土壤环境因子主导了CH4通量变化(解释率>90%).其中CH4通量与土壤含水量和温度显著正相关,与土壤pH显著负相关.综上所述,在未来全球变化情景下,降水格局改变更能调节青藏高原高寒草原CH4通量的变化.(图6表1参37) 相似文献
825.
Elizabeth A. Langridge Ana B. Sendova-Franks Nigel R. Franks 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(3):447-456
Certain groups of organisms are capable of improving their collective performance with experience. In a recent study, we demonstrated
that, over successive emigrations, colonies of the ant Temnothorax albipennis are able to improve their collective performance by reducing the time taken to complete an emigration (Langridge et al.,
Behav Ecol Sociobiol 56:523–529, 2004). In this paper, by recording the performance of individually marked workers during
repeated emigrations, we were able to analyse some of the ways in which time gains are achieved. We found that: (1) those
transporters that also transported in the preceding emigration began to transport earlier in the current emigration and, in
the majority of emigrations, transported more items than those transporters that had not transported in the preceding emigration;
(2) the time that elapsed before the first item was transported into the new nest reduced over successive emigrations, and
this first item was, in the majority of emigrations, carried by a transporter that had also transported in the preceding emigration;
(3) the number of adults that were transported reduced over successive emigrations. Our results strongly suggest that the
behaviour of transporters that also transported in a preceding emigration may be modified as a result of their experience
and that, consequently, their efforts in the next emigration make a major contribution to the improved performance of the
colony as a whole. 相似文献
826.
Mohammad Salehi Mohammad Mohammadi J. N. K. Rao Yves G. Berger 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2010,17(1):111-123
Adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) is an efficient sampling design for estimating parameters of rare and clustered populations.
It is widely used in ecological research. The modified Hansen-Hurwitz (HH) and Horvitz-Thompson (HT) estimators based on small
samples under ACS have often highly skewed distributions. In such situations, confidence intervals based on traditional normal
approximation can lead to unsatisfactory results, with poor coverage properties. Christman and Pontius (Biometrics 56:503–510,
2000) showed that bootstrap percentile methods are appropriate for constructing confidence intervals from the HH estimator.
But Perez and Pontius (J Stat Comput Simul 76:755–764, 2006) showed that bootstrap confidence intervals from the HT estimator
are even worse than the normal approximation confidence intervals. In this article, we consider two pseudo empirical likelihood
functions under the ACS design. One leads to the HH estimator and the other leads to a HT type estimator known as the Hájek
estimator. Based on these two empirical likelihood functions, we derive confidence intervals for the population mean. Using
a simulation study, we show that the confidence intervals obtained from the first EL function perform as good as the bootstrap
confidence intervals from the HH estimator but the confidence intervals obtained from the second EL function perform much
better than the bootstrap confidence intervals from the HT estimator, in terms of coverage rate. 相似文献
827.
黄河水体沉积物对敌百虫和甲拌磷的吸附 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
对敌百虫和甲拌磷在黄河水体沉积物中的吸附特性进行了研究,观察了pH值和离子强度等因素对吸附的影响.结果表明,敌百虫的吸附过程为一级动力学规律;敌百虫的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,甲拌磷的吸附可用Freundich等温式较好地描述.ph值降低或离子强度增加使敌百虫和甲拌磷在沉积物中的吸附程度明显减小.敌百虫在黄河水体沉积物中的吸附以表面吸附为主,而甲拌磷则表现为表面吸附和在有机碳中的分配作用两种吸附方式. 相似文献
828.
海水中二甲基硫测定方法的研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
二甲基硫(DMS)是雨水天然酸性的贡献者和影响气候变化的重要痕量气体,本文海水中DMS测定方法,即采用冷却预浓缩技术处理海水样品,用带有火焰光度检测器气相色谱仪分析,此方法的精密度为12%,准确度为10%,对100ml海水样品最小检测量为0.054ng(DMS)。同时对色谱柱的选取,实验材料的选择,浓缩柱填充材料的选择,鼓气效率,干燥管,样品解析,样品保存等有关实验步骤进行了讨论。 相似文献
829.
一株中度嗜盐硫酸盐还原菌的分离及生理特性研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
本文从四川自贡盐厂卤水污泥中,分离出一株中度嗜盐硫酸盐还原菌。菌体为短杆状,0.9-1.1×2.0-2.5μm,革兰氏染色阴性,形成芽孢,不含脱硫孤菌素。固体培养基上无Fe2+时,菌落为半透明状;有Fe2+时菌落为黑色,直径为1-3mm。利用乳酸盐作为碳源,利用乙酸盐时必须添加生长因子。能在5%-25%(W/V)Nacl浓度范围内生长,最适生长浓度为9%-13%(W/V)。最适生长温度为35℃。最适生长pH值为7.0.根据形态和生理生化特征,该菌为脱硫肠状菌属,但与该属已报导的硫酸盐还原菌在嗜盐、碳源利用、最适生长温度以及其它一些特征上均有不同,因此可能是个新种。该菌是目前已报道的嗜盐浓度最高的硫酸盐还原菌。 相似文献
830.
Chemical and colloidal analyses of natural seep water collected from the exploratory studies facility inside Yucca Mountain,Nevada, USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cizdziel JV Guo C Steinberg SM Yu Z Johannesson KH 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(1):31-44
Yucca Mountain is being considered as a geological repository for the USA’s spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste.
Numerous groundwater seeps appeared during March 2005 within the exploratory studies facility (ESF), a tunnel excavated in
the mountain. Because of the relevance to radionuclide transport and unsaturated zone-modeling studies, we analyzed the seep
samples for major anions and cations, rare earth elements, and colloids. Major ion species and elemental concentrations in
seep samples reflect interaction of the water with the volcanic rock and secondary calcites. Elemental fractograms from flow-injection
field-flow fractionation ICP–MS scans detected Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, I, Mg, Si, Sr, W, and U at void fractions, suggesting they
may be present in the form of dissolved anions. Colloids approximately 10 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, possibly calcite, were
also present in the seepage samples. Geochemical calculations indicate, however, these may be an artifact (not present in
the groundwater) which arose because of loss of CO2 during sample collection and storage. 相似文献