Uptake of PAHs by cabbage root and leaf in vegetable plots near a large coking manufacturer and associations with PAHs in cabbage core

Samples of ambient air (including gaseous and particulate phases), dust fall, surface soil, rhizosphere soil, core (edible part), outer leaf, and root of cabbage from eight vegetable plots near a large coking manufacturer were collected during the harvest period. Concentrations, compositions, and distributions of parent PAHs in different samples were determined. Our results indicated that most of the parent PAHs in air occurred in the gaseous phase, dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) species with two to three rings. Specific isomeric ratios and principal component analysis were employed to preliminarily identify the local sources of parent PAHs emitted. The main emission sources of parent PAHs could be apportioned as a mixture of coal combustion, coking production, and traffic tailing gas. PAH components with two to four rings were prevailing in dust fall, surface soil, and rhizosphere soil. Concentrations of PAHs in surface soil exhibited a significant positive correlation with topsoil TOC fractions. Compositional profiles in outer leaf and core of cabbage, dominated by LMW species, were similar to those in the local air. Overall, the order of parent PAH concentration in cabbage was outer leaf > root > core. Partial correlation analysis and multivariate linear stepwise regression revealed that PAH concentrations in cabbage core were closely associated with PAHs present both in root and in outer leaf, namely, affected by adsorption, then absorption, and translocation of PAHs from rhizosphere soil and ambient air, respectively.     

生活垃圾堆肥工艺条件及其反应动力学研究

为了改善堆肥微环境 ,提高生活垃圾堆肥速率 ,研究堆肥工艺条件及其反应动力学是非常必要的。通过控制堆肥工艺条件 ,如初始温度、含水率、C/N比及堆料颗粒大小 ,研究生活垃圾堆肥过程中生物、化学及物理因素的变化。试验结果表明 ,生活垃圾堆肥反应符合一级反应动力学 ;合理控制堆肥初始反应条件 ,能明显提高堆肥效率。     

聚乙烯醇/超细羽绒粒子共混膜的制备及其染料吸附动力学

为了改善并更好地研究聚乙烯醇的染料吸附性能,制备了不同超细羽绒粒子含量的聚乙烯醇/超细羽绒粒子共混膜,并将其用于对活性艳红X-3B染料的吸附。结果表明,随着超细羽绒粒子含量的增加,聚乙烯醇/超细羽绒粒子共混膜表面粗糙程度增大。当超细羽绒粒子的质量分数为27.8%时,K/S值最大,染料吸附性能最好,其吸附效果比纯聚乙烯醇膜提升约54.5%。动力学研究结果表明,伪二级动力学模型能更好地描述聚乙烯醇/超细羽绒粒子共混膜对染料的吸附。     

秸秆成型燃料锅炉污染物排放规律试验研究

根据锅炉烟尘测试方法(GB 5468-91)及锅炉大气污染物排放标准(GB 13271-2001),在不同风门的工况下,分别对设计的双层炉排秸秆成型燃料锅炉污染物排放规律进行试验.试验表明,在较好工况下,双层炉排锅炉排烟中CO等中间产物及烟尘含量低于单层炉排锅炉,其排烟中CO、NOx、SO2和烟尘浓度等指标远远低于燃煤锅炉,符合国家关于工业锅炉大气污染物排放标准要求,有较好环保效益.     

污染土壤毒性研究方法进展

综述了国内外有关污染土壤毒性研究方法 ,包括传统的方法如植物法、动物法和微生物法等和生态毒理学方法 ,并从生物、非生物和环境等方面论述了影响土壤毒性的因素 ,提出了当前土壤污染毒性研究方法中存在的问题 ,认为随着环境科学技术的发展 ,污染土壤毒性研究方法在环境保护中必将发挥越来越重要的作用     

染整废水处理工程设计

采用“生物接触氧化 +混凝气浮 +生物炭”工艺处理染整废水 ,COD去除率可达到 90 %以上 ,工程实践表明 ,该工艺处理效果好 ,运行稳定 ,投资省 ,处理后出水可达标排放     

沸石对降雨径流中氨氮的吸附特性

城市面源污染是重要水体污染源之一,降雨发生时,雨水径流会携带累积在路面、屋面的含有机物、氮磷、重金属等污染物质进入水体,其中氮磷是造成水体富营养化的重要因素。针对这一情况,采用不同种类沸石,对雨水径流中的氮磷进行了吸附研究,着重考察了沸石对氨氮的吸附动力学,吸附等温线特征,并考察了pH、共存阳离子以及COD对吸附能力的影响。结果表明,Na型改性沸石吸附性能优于其他2种,饱和吸附量达到9.09 mg/g,沸石的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。Mg2+、Ca2+对Na型改性沸石的影响较大,Na型改性沸石吸附氨氮的适宜pH为5~8。本研究为探索用物化方法来处理雨水提供了依据,Na型改性沸石可以作为吸附雨水中氨氮的优选吸附剂。     

Food waste collection and recycling for value-added products: potential applications and challenges in Hong Kong

About 3600 tonnes food waste are discarded in the landfills in Hong Kong daily. It is expected that the three strategic landfills in Hong Kong will be exhausted by 2020. In consideration of the food waste management environment and community needs in Hong Kong, as well as with reference to the food waste management systems in cities such as Linköping in Sweden and Oslo in Norway, a framework of food waste separation, collection, and recycling for food waste valorization is proposed in this paper. Food waste can be packed in an optic bag (i.e., a bag in green color), while the residual municipal solid waste (MSW) can be packed in a common plastic bag. All the wastes are then sent to the refuse transfer stations, in which food waste is separated from the residual MSW using an optic sensor. On the one hand, the sorted food waste can be converted into valuable materials (e.g., compost, swine feed, fish feed). On the other hand, the sorted food waste can be sent to the proposed Organic Waste Treatment Facilities and sewage treatment works for producing biogas. The biogas can be recovered to produce electricity and city gas (i.e., heating fuel for cooking purpose). Due to the challenges faced by the value-added products in Hong Kong, the biogas is recommended to be upgraded as a biogas fuel for vehicle use. Hopefully, the proposed framework will provide a simple and effective approach to food waste separation at source and promote sustainable use of waste to resource in Hong Kong.     

Fe3O4-TiO2Al吸附剂去除水中氟离子

以实验室制备的Fe3O4-TiO2·nH2O·Al吸附剂处理模拟和实际含氟废水,探讨了吸附剂用量、体系pH、吸附温度和吸附时间等因素对F-吸附效果的影响。结果表明:在初始F-浓度16.1 mg/L,起始pH 8.0,吸附剂投加量5 g/L,室温(约25 ℃)下吸附15 min时,模拟和实际废水的出水F-均可达到3O4-TiO2·nH2O·Al具有一定的实际应用价值。含氟水溶液初始pH对Fe3O4-TiO2·nH2O·Al吸附F-性能影响较大。在pH 介于3.0~5.0 时,吸附容量较大,过高或过低都会导致吸附容量降低。Fe3O4-TiO2·nH2O·Al吸附F-的过程为放热反应,升温不利于F-的吸附。该吸附剂吸附F- 的过程为化学吸附,符合准二级动力学模型,等温线拟合接近Freundlich吸附等温线。     

Short-duration hydrothermal fermentation of food waste: preparation of soil conditioner for amending organic-matter-impoverished arable soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil conditioners can be used to compensate for the insufficient soil nutrition and organic matter (OM) of arable soils. However, the traditional...