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Derek R Smith Peter A Leggat Ken Takahashi 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2005,11(3):323-330
We investigated all reported Percutaneous exposure incidents (PEI) among staff from a large Australian hospital in the 3-year period, 2001-2003. There were a total of 373 PEI, of which 38.9% were needlestick injuries, 32.7% were cutaneous exposures and 28.4% sharps-related injuries. Nurses were the most commonly affected staff members, accounting for 63.5% of the total, followed by doctors (18.8%) and other staff (17.7%). Needlestick injuries were responsible for the majority of nurses' PEI (44.7%). Sharps injuries constituted the major category for doctors (44.3%). Most needlestick injuries (67.6%) were caused by hollow-bore needles, while the majority of cutaneous exposures involved blood or serum (55.8%). Most sharps injures were caused by unknown devices (35.9%) or suture needles (34.9%). Overall, our investigation suggests that PEI is a considerable burden for health care workers in Australia. Further research is now required to determine the relationships, if any, between workers who suffer PEI and those who do not. 相似文献
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We believe non-invasive prenatal diagnosis is about to have a massive impact on the way fetal medicine is practised. There will be many great advantages and improvements, but the technology also has the potential to be used for non-medical reasons such as sex selection and paternity testing. We discuss some of the issues that may face obstetricians in the future as a result of this emerging technology. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Potential environmental impacts on wildlife result from siting and construction (short-term impacts) and habitat removal and
fragmentation (long-term impacts) as a consequence of transportation corridor construction. Especially in rural districts,
wildlife migration corridors and dispersal orientation are altered or destroyed and wildlife populations and their gene pools
are isolated. This significantly weakens the wildlife community. Prudent selection of construction corridors reduces fragmentation
impacts by maximizing preserved fragment sizes, and by running parallel to, not through, natural areas. Corridor width determines
the degree to which wildlife movement is restricted except that culverts, underpasses, overpasses, and one-way gates, can
aid wildlife in cross movements. Minimum underpass dimensions for large wildlife should be no smaller than 14 ft×14 ft and
should include natural substratum inverts. Rail corridors have four characteristics that minimize adverse environmental impacts.
The railbed is dry, ballast fillters runoff, there is little runoff beyond the toe of slope, and drainage ditches serve to
control sheet flow and erosion, sediment movement, and uncontrolled channel flow. Rail corridors usually occupy smaller land
areas because they are narrower and are more feasible to elevate so as to allow free movement of wildlife across the corridor. 相似文献
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Reducing Nitrogen Export from the Corn Belt to the Gulf of Mexico: Agricultural Strategies for Remediating Hypoxia 下载免费PDF全文
Eileen McLellan Dale Robertson Keith Schilling Mark Tomer Jill Kostel Doug Smith Kevin King 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(1):263-289
SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed models developed for the Upper Midwest were used to help evaluate the nitrogen‐load reductions likely to be achieved by a variety of agricultural conservation practices in the Upper Mississippi‐Ohio River Basin (UMORB) and to compare these reductions to the 45% nitrogen‐load reduction proposed to remediate hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Our results indicate that nitrogen‐management practices (improved fertilizer management and cover crops) fall short of achieving this goal, even if adopted on all cropland in the region. The goal of a 45% decrease in loads to the GoM can only be achieved through the coupling of nitrogen‐management practices with innovative nitrogen‐removal practices such as tile‐drainage treatment wetlands, drainage–ditch enhancements, stream‐channel restoration, and floodplain reconnection. Combining nitrogen‐management practices with nitrogen‐removal practices can dramatically reduce nutrient export from agricultural landscapes while minimizing impacts to agricultural production. With this approach, it may be possible to meet the 45% nutrient reduction goal while converting less than 1% of cropland in the UMORB to nitrogen‐removal practices. Conservationists, policy makers, and agricultural producers seeking a workable strategy to reduce nitrogen export from the Corn Belt will need to consider a combination of nitrogen‐management practices at the field scale and diverse nitrogen‐removal practices at the landscape scale. 相似文献