Numerical simulations of heat and moisture transport in thermal protective clothing under flash fire conditions.

A numerical model of heat and moisture transport in thermal protective clothing during exposure to a flash fire was introduced. The model was developed with the assumption that textiles are treated as porous media. The numerical model predictions were compared with experimental data from different fabric systems and configurations. Additionally, with the introduction of a skin model, the parameters that affect the performance of thermal protective clothing were investigated.     

火灾事故发展趋势预测方法的应用研究

介绍了三种火灾事故发展趋势预测方法：灰色理论预测法、指数平滑法和马尔科夫预测法。结合贵州省1997至2006年火灾四项指标统计数据,探讨了三种预测方法对不同波动幅度数据序列的适用性;给出了贵州省未来两年火灾的发展趋势,可为当地制定正确地防止火灾发生的决策提供重要的参考依据。此外,还对每种方法在预测过程中值得注意的问题进行了讨论。     

影响煤矿作业人员不安全行为的因素

本文论述了如何预防和消除煤矿作业人员的不安全行为,克服职工不健康的心理状态,改善作业环境,实行作业标准化和对作业人员的技能培训。     

湿度传感器在防护性能检测中动态湿度的测量方法

1引言 防护装备在核、生、化环境下起着防放射性灰尘、防生物细菌和防化学毒剂的作用。防护装备的防护性能检测准确与否。直接影响着防护装备产品的质量乃至使用者的生命安全。防护装备的防护性能受湿度的影响很大,以前,在防护装备的防护性能检测过程中是利用干、湿球温度计来检测测试管路中的湿度。     

一种湿度计的校准方法——测量不确定度分析校准法

本文提出了校准湿度计的一种新方法一测量不确定度分析校准法,以利用5121湿度发生器校准可输出（0-5）V的湿度传感器的基本误差为例,介绍了其校准方法确定了该方法校准湿度计的置信度和准确葭：     

水体环境中氟喹诺酮类药物的污染现状及分析方法

阐述了水体环境中的氟喹诺酮类（FQs）药物的来源和污染现状,介绍了FQs在水体环境中的迁移、转化和转归途径,归纳了各种当前使用较多的FQs分析检测方法的功能特点和适用条件。指出今后在FQs分析技术的开发上,应注重提高检测容量、降低检出限和削减环境负面影响因素。     

Changes in plasma thyroid hormones and cortisol levels in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to the extracted microcystins

The endocrine response of crucian carp injected intraperitoneally with extracted microcystins (MC) was investigated in this study. Fish were injected intraperitoneally either with 0.75% NaCl (control) and Microcystis extract corresponding to 150 and 600 microg microcystins per kg body weight. The plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)), free triiodothyronine (FT(3)), free thyroxine (FT(4)), and cortisol were determined at 0, 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48h post-administration of MC-containing extract. Treated fish displayed abnormal behaviors, such as a startle response and disoriented swimming, as well as changes in ventilation rates. Plasma cortisol concentrations of fish in both dose groups significantly increased after administration of extracted MC and remained high throughout the experiment, which suggested that MC elicited a stress response in treated fish. The profiles of cortisol changes in treated fish appeared to be dose dependent, indicating that fish in the high dose group experienced greater MC-induced disturbance. Mortality occurred after 12h in the high dose group. Plasma levels of T(4), T(3), FT(4), and FT(3) did not vary significantly between the control fish. In contrast to this, fish exposed to MC-containing extract showed significant declines in T(3), FT(4), and FT(3) levels in a dose-dependent manner throughout the experiment. Plasma T(4) levels, however, did not vary significantly in the low dose group, whereas they decreased significantly at 48h post injection in the high dose group. This study demonstrates that administration of microcystins-containing extract causes a stress response and reduces the plasma levels of thyroid hormones in crucian carp. These results illustrate that microcystins exerted potent effects on the endocrine system of crucian carp, through activating their hypothalamus-pituitary- interrenal axis and disturbing thyroid function.     

Sorption of polar and nonpolar organic contaminants by oil-contaminated soil

Sorption of nonpolar (phenanthrene and butylate) and polar (atrazine and diuron) organic chemicals to oil-contaminated soil was examined to investigate oil effects on sorption of organic chemicals and to derive oil–water distribution coefficients (K_oil). The resulting oil-contaminated soil–water distribution coefficients (K_d) for phenanthrene demonstrated sorption-enhancing effects at both lower and higher oil concentrations (C_oil) but sorption-reducing (competitive) effects at intermediate C_oil (approximately 1 g kg⁻¹). Rationalization of the different dominant effects was attempted in terms of the relative aliphatic carbon content which determines the accessibility of the aromatic cores to phenanthrene. Little or no competitive effect occurred for butylate because its sorption was dominated by partitioning. For atrazine and diuron, the changes in K_d at C_oil above approximately 1 g kg⁻¹ were negligible, indicating that the presently investigated oil has little or no effect on the two tested compounds even though the polarity of the oil is much less than soil organic matter (SOM). Therefore, specific interactions with the active groups (aromatic and polar domains) are dominantly responsible for the sorption of polar sorbates, and thus their sorption is controlled by available sorption sites. This study showed that the oil has the potential to be a dominant sorptive phase for nonpolar pollutants when compared to SOM, but hardly so for polar compounds. The results may aid in a better understanding of the role of the aliphatic and aromatic domains in sorption of nonpolar and polar organic pollutants.