环境评价中的替代方案分析

替代方案主要指项目的选址，规模，实施等的替代方案，包括项目环境保护措施的多种方案比较。文章浅析了环境评价中的替代方案，以环境评价中替代方案分析步骤为主线。从替代方案的识别，资源需求，替代方案的筛选与比较等方面进行论述，并结合上海港重建与开发工程的实例，选择合适的替代方案，最后对“不上项目”的替代方案作一概括介绍。     

中国一些岩类中硒的比较研究

用荧光分光光度法分析了114个岩样和陆架沉积物中的微量硒.样品基本覆盖我国地表主要岩类.硒在样本空间呈不规则多重全域分布,经模式校正,所得岩浆岩硒值高于美国标准岩样,而沉积岩硒值明显偏低,据此推算了硒的区域丰度值以及我国地表成土母质硒含量的阈值下限.     

赣东北超大型金山金矿床的成矿地质条件和找矿远景分析

在概述国内外超大型金矿床地质特征的基础上，着重论述了金山金矿床产出的地质背景和地质条件，认为金山矿田县有稳定的成矿物质来源，并经历了长期的成矿作用演化历史，具有多期次和不同类型成矿作用的叠加和改通的特征。最后提出了赣东北地区具有蕴藏超大型金矿床可能性的理由。     

湖南湘西金矿尾矿的地质地球化学特征与二次开发前景

对湖南湘西金矿尾矿的堆存、分布特征及其化学组成、微量元素含量等进行了初步研究．结果发现：尾矿中贵、重金属元素如Au、Sb、W、Pb、As等含量较高，因此，尾矿不仅是矿区的潜在污染源，而且是一种重要的后备资源．具有较大的二次开发前景。     

欧共体的危险物质管制政策

危险物质管制是环境保护政策的重要组成部分，欧共体在该领域的法律与实践上积累了丰富的经验。从考察欧共体环境政策的法律框架出发，分别评析了其对有毒化学品，放射性物质和基因修饰生物体等三类主要危险物质的管制。     

Comparative sensitivity to and consumption of methyl eugenol in three <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera dorsalis</Emphasis> (Diptera: Tephritidae) complex sibling species

Summary. Sensitivities to methyl eugenol of three sibling species in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex were compared. The degree of species sensitivity to methyl eugenol, i.e. B. dorsalis > B. papayae > B. carambolae (in decreasing order), was concomitant with the species age-related response to methyl eugenol as previously reported. The ability to consume methyl eugenol by the three sibling species showed similar trend - the average ME consumption per male was 0.70 ml for B. dorsalis, 0.58 ml B. papayae and 0.18 μl B. carambolae. Results obtained were discussed in relation to area-wide control of fruit fly. Received 21 April 2002; accepted 9 July 2002     

A radiotracer technique for the determination of male mating success in natural populations

Summary Males of a natural population of Antechinus stuartii (Marsupialia) were injected at the beginning of their short, synchronous breeding period with one of twelve gamma-emitting nuclides which are individually recognizable by their unique spectial properties. This label passed to the females during ejaculation and was identified when the females were captured and counted in a whole-body counter. This technique established mating success of males and provided an estimate of reproductive success.     

Ecologically based management of rodents in the real world: applied to a mixed agroecosystem in Vietnam.

Rodents cause significant damage to lowland irrigated rice crops in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. A four-year study was conducted in 1999-2002 to examine the effectiveness of applying rodent control practices using the principles of ecologically based pest management. Four 100-150 ha study sites adjacent to villages were selected and farmers on two treated sites were asked to follow a set of rodent management practices, while farmers on the untreated sites were asked not to change their typical practices. Farmers on the treated sites were encouraged to use trap-barrier systems (TBS's; 0.065-ha early planted crop surrounded by a plastic fence with multiple capture traps; one TBS for every 10-15 ha), to work together over large areas by destroying burrows in refuge habitats soon after planting (before the rats reestablish in the fields and before the onset of breeding), synchronizing planting and harvesting of the their rice crops, cleaning up weeds and piles of straw, and keeping bund (embankment) size small (<30 cm) to prevent burrowing. A 75% reduction in the use of rodenticides and plastic barrier fences (without traps or an early crop) was achieved on treated sites. The abundance of rodents was low after implementation of the management practices across all sites. There was no evidence for an effect of treatment on the abundance of rodents captured each month using live-capture traps, and no difference in damage between treatments or in yields obtained from the rice crops. Therefore, ecologically based rodent management was equally effective as typical practices for rodent management. Farmers on the treated sites spent considerably less money applying rodent control practices, which was reflected in the comparative increase in the partial benefit:cost of applying ecologically based rodent management from 3:1 on treated sites and untreated sites prior to the implementation of treatments to 17:1 on treated sites in the final year of the project.     

Design of a water quality monitoring network in a large river system using the genetic algorithm

Despite several decades of operations and the increasing importance of water quality monitoring networks, the authorities still rely on experiential insights and subjective judgments in siting water quality monitoring stations. This study proposes an integrated technique which uses a genetic algorithm (GA) and a geographic information system (GIS) for the design of an effective water quality monitoring network in a large river system. In order to develop a design scheme, planning objectives were identified for water quality monitoring networks and corresponding fitness functions were defined using linear combinations of five selection criteria that are critical for developing a monitoring system. The criteria include the representativeness of a river system, compliance with water quality standards, supervision of water use, surveillance of pollution sources and examination of water quality changes. The fitness levels were obtained through a series of calculations of the fitness functions using GIS data. A sensitivity analysis was performed for major parameters such as the numbers of generations, population sizes and probability of crossover and mutation, in order to determine a good fitness level and convergence for optimum solutions. The proposed methodology was applied to the design of water quality monitoring networks in the Nakdong River system, in Korea. The results showed that only 35 out of 110 stations currently in operation coincide with those in the new network design, therefore indicating that the effectiveness of the current monitoring network should be carefully re-examined. From this study, it was concluded that the proposed methodology could be a useful decision support tool for the optimized design of water quality monitoring networks.     

凝聚炸药的冲击起爆

分析了飞片在炸药内产生高压区的行为，导出高压区中热点发生热爆炸的临界条件；讨论了高压区中侧向能量分配对热点传播的影响，得到了适应性更加广泛的凝聚炸药冲击起爆判据；利用这一判据，对实验结果给予了理论解释。