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151.
In this work assays involving chlorinated water samples, which were previous spiked with humic substances or algae blue green
and following the production of the THMs for 30 days is described. To implement the assays, five portions of 1,000 ml of water
were stored in glass bottles. The water samples were treated with solutions containing 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg l−1 chlorine. The samples aliquots (60 ml) were transferred into the glass vials, 10 ml were removed to have a headspace and
100 μl of the 10 mg l−1 pentafluortoluene bromide solution was added to each vial. The extraction step was performed by adding 10 g of Na2SO4 followed by 5 ml of n-pentane. The vials were stopped with a TFE-faced septum and sealed with aluminum caps. The generated THMs were determined
by gas chromatography with electron capture detector using reference solutions with concentration ranging from 8 to 120 μg
l−1 THMs. Three assays were monitored during 30 days and chloroform was the predominant compound found in the water samples,
while other species of THMs were not detected. The results showed that when the chlorine concentration was increased in water
samples containing algae the concentration of THM varied randomly. Nevertheless, in water samples containing humic substances
the increase of the THM concentration presented a relationship with the chlorine concentration. It was also observed that
chloroform concentration increased with the elapsed time up to one and six days to water samples spiked with humic substances
and algae blue green, respectively and decreased along 30 days. By other hand, assays performed using water samples containing
decanted algae material showed that THM was not generated by the chlorine addition. 相似文献
152.
Lobo Maria Tereza Morais Pereira Souza Scalize Paulo Sérgio Kraus Cleber Nunes da Silva Weliton José Garnier Jérémie da Motta Marques David Bonnet Marie-Paule de Souza Nogueira Ina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10642-10657
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) provides protection for freshwater life promoting healthy ecosystems and safeguarding human health. Biological... 相似文献
153.
Governance and Standardization in Fish Value Chains: Do They Take Care of Key Animal Welfare Issues?
Reis Germano Glufke Molento Carla Forte Maiolino Souza Ana Paula Oliveira 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2021,34(5):1-20
Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics - Innovation in fisheries is a global development that focuses on a broad range of aims. One example is a project that aims to develop technology... 相似文献
154.
Cleber Broietti Leonardo Flach Suliani Rover João Antônio Salvador de Souza 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2018,25(7):630-641
Environmental expenditure can be classified as an indicator to measure the efforts of public agents with the environment. Cities and countries seek to understand the determinants of environmental spending over time. This research aims to analyze the variables that influence the environmental spending of Brazilian municipalities between the years 2012 and 2016. Thus, this research helps fill the gap on lack of longitudinal research that involves local contexts in relation to public municipal expenditures on the environment. The research method consists of the panel data model. Data were collected on the environmental expenditures of the municipalities and other variables of 4269 Brazilian municipalities, the collection generated 21,329 observations. The results showed that the municipalities of the state of Amapá had better relative expenditure averages, it was also observed that the municipalities in the Northeast region show the worst results. The municipality of Itamaracá, located in the state of Pernambuco, presented the best percentage of the country, 9.47% of the environmental expenditure in relation to total expenditure. Regarding the results of panel data, the variables revenue, population, density, GDP, and HDI presented significance in all models; the models estimated by fixed effects ensure the consistency of the parameters. 相似文献
155.
156.
Bijeesh Kozhikkodan Veettil Nilceia Bianchini André Medeiros de Andrade Ulisses Franz Bremer Jefferson Cardia Simões Enoil de Souza Junior 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(5):1267-1278
This paper discusses the recent retreat of glaciers and the changes in supraglacial lakes in the Bhutan Himalaya during the last two decades. We calculated the changes in clean and debris-covered glaciers and the formation, disappearance, and expansion of glacial lakes during the beginning of 1990s, 2000s, and 2010 using Landsat TM and ETM+ images. For this purpose, eight river sub-basins namely Wang Chu, Chamkar Chu, Dangme Chu, Kuri Chu, Mangde Chu, Mo Chu, Pho Chu and Northern Basin were considered. A retreating trend was found in the case of clean glaciers. Debris-covered glaciers in this region were found to have undergone an increase of about 29 %, and this increase was partially contributed by those expanded upstream. This increase in the debris-covered area is higher on the southern side of the Bhutan Himalaya. It is found that a number of moraine-dammed glacial lakes were formed during this period and can be potentially dangerous depending on the size, distance from the glacier and altitude. Most of the glacial lake formation and expansion occurred on the southern side of the Bhutan Himalaya. 相似文献
157.
Nicholas Joseph Tavares da Cruz Álvaro Guillermo Rojas Lezana Paulo da Cruz Freire dos Santos Ibsen Mateus Bittencourt Santana Pinto Claudio Zancan Gustavo Henrique Silva de Souza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24121-24134
Cemeteries and crematoria are the main funeral ways used in the world nowadays. It is a little-studied segment in the present days, mainly as for the possible environmental impacts in the environment, such as those derived from dental amalgam, prostheses, and dioxins, among other. This article aimed to identify the environmental impacts caused by cemeteries and crematoria and to point out new trends in funeral processes such as freeze-drying and alkaline hydrolysis. The study is justified due to the large part of the Brazilian population that do not know the environmental impacts caused by cemeteries and crematoria, as well as to bring information about the new processes. For that, a research was carried out with 400 people. The main results show that among all the funeral processes, the new freeze-drying process was opted by 33% of the sample. We also identified that the main reasons for choosing the funeral process were less environmental impact (28%), no after-death expenses (grave payment) (16.1%), and the possibility of putting away or throwing away the remains wherever you want (14.9%). Finally, new funeral processes were well accepted by the Brazilian population—those who were interviewed—due to their benefits. 相似文献
158.
159.
Combining remote sensing and household level data for regional scale analysis of land cover change in the Brazilian Amazon 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Land cover change in the Brazilian Amazon depends on the spatial variability of political, socioeconomic and biophysical factors, as well as on the land use history and its actors. A regional scale analysis was made in Rondônia State to identify possible differences in land cover change connected to spatial policies of land occupation, size and year of establishment of properties, accessibility measures and soil fertility. The analysis was made based on remote sensing data and household level data gathered with a questionnaire. Both types of analyses indicate that the highest level of total deforestation is found inside agrarian projects, especially in those established more than 20 years ago. Even though deforestation rates are similar inside and outside official settlements, inside agrarian projects forest depletion can exceed 50% at the property level within 10–14 years after establishment. The data indicate that both small-scale and medium to large-scale farmers contribute to deforestation processes in Rondônia State encouraged by spatial policies of land occupation, which provide better accessibility to forest fringes where soil fertility and forest resources are important determinants of location choice. 相似文献
160.
Flood Matthew T. D’Souza Nishita Rose Joan B. Aw Tiong Gim 《Food and environmental virology》2021,13(3):303-315
Food and Environmental Virology - Wastewater surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging public health tool to understand the spread of Coronavirus... 相似文献