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291.
292.
The effect of different ambient sulphide concentrations on the internal pH regime of Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor was studied under in vivo conditions using liquid membrane pH microelectrodes, a method which is new to marine sciences.
As a case study, the hypothesis was tested whether organisms exposed to ambient sulphidic conditions are able to lower their
internal pH which, in effect, would reduce sulphide influx into the animals and thus could represent an effective detoxification
mechanism. It was shown that a significant lowering of the internal pH occurred within only 20 min after adding sulphide.
This pH lowering appeared to be dependent on the external sulphide concentration of the ambient medium and showed a saturation
beyond a threshold level of about 130 μM. It is discussed whether this sulphide-induced pH drop is an active regulatory mechanism
and acts as an effective protection mechanism against sulphide during short-term exposures.
Received: 1 June 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 3 May 2000 相似文献
293.
Stefan Trapp Michael Matthies Andreas Kaune 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》1994,6(1):31-40
Die Massenbilanz von PCDD/F—insbesondere von 2,3,7,8-TCDD—im System Boden-Pflanze-Luft wird mit einem einfachen konzeptuellen
Modell berechnet. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse sind:
Hrsg.: Prof. Dr, Walter Kl?pffer, C.A.U. GmbH, Daimlerstra?e 23, D-63303 Dreieich Teil I: Modellierung des TransferverhaltensS. Trapp, M. Matthies, A. Kaune Teil II: Ausgasung aus dem Boden und PflanzenaufnahmeS. Trapp, M. Matthies Teil III: Transfefaktoren Bodne-Pflanze und Luft-PflanzeM. Matthies, S. Trapp 相似文献
1. | DerTransfer Boden/Wurzel findet für Feinwurzeln bis zu einem Gleichgewichtswert statt, der durch den Lipid- und Wassergehalt der Wurzel, die Sorption im Boden und den n-Oktanol/Wasser-Verteilungskoeffizienten bestimmt ist. Da der Transfer für gro?e Wurzelradii langsam abl?uft, ist der Gleichgewichtswert (der etwa gleiche Konzentrationen in Boden und Wurzel bedeutet) eine obere Grenze für die Aufnahme. |
2. | PCDD/F werden (zumindest für Gras und Getreide) nicht in nennenswerten Mengen mit dem Transpirationsstrom transportiert, so da? nur ein sehr geringerTransfer Boden/oberirdische Pflanzenteile innerhalb der Pflanze stattfindet. |
3. | Die Aufnahme von PCDD/F aus derLuft ins Blatt ist entscheidend für die Kontamination von oberirdischen Pflanzenteilen, wobei die Deposition sowohl von partikelgebundenen als auch von gasf?rmigen PCDD/F den Eintrag bestimmt. |
294.
During 24 h, water samples were taken for determination of a number of key parameters in a water system containing high concentrations of FeII at circumneutral pH. None of the major constituents (Ca, Mg, Na, K and sulfate) showed diurnal variations, while dissolved oxygen and pH increased during the night. This increase could entirely be explained by the decrease in water temperature. However, the concentration of FeII slightly increased at constant concentration of total Fe during the night, opposite to earlier observations in other systems where the presence of FeII was shown to be controlled by photoreduction. Nocturnal peaks of FeII have also been observed in other systems with high iron concentrations, however, at acidic pH, but without obvious explanation. The mechanisms for this process therefore need further investigation. 相似文献
295.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in freshwater mussels and fish from Flanders, Belgium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Covaci A Bervoets L Hoff P Voorspoels S Voets J Van Campenhout K Blust R Schepens P 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(2):132-136
The levels and distribution of PBDEs in zebra mussels and several freshwater fish species (eel, carp and gibel carp) were investigated for different sites in Flanders, Belgium. In parallel, other organohalogenated contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p[prime or minute]-DDE and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were also measured and their relationship with PBDEs was investigated. At most sites, individual PBDE congeners were present at detectable levels in mussel tissue, with the mean [summation operator]PBDE concentration ranging from 0.15 to 1.8 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww). The PCB concentrations in mussels ranged from 6.2 to 102 ng g(-1) ww. HCB and p,p[prime or minute]-DDE could be measured in mussels from most sites, mean values ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 0.58 ng g(-1) ww and from 0.66 to 6.5 ng g(-1) ww, respectively. Except for one site (Blokkersdijk, Antwerp) where PBDEs were below the LOQ in carp muscle, all fish samples from other sites contained detectable PBDE levels, with the highest concentrations (14 +/- 14 ng g(-1) ww) being measured in eel liver from Watersportbaan (Ghent). The sampled sites covered a broad concentration range of organohalogenated pollutants with the highest values being consistently measured in eel liver. With few exceptions, all correlations between PBDEs and organochlorine pollutants for each species were low (r < 0.50) and most were statistically not significant (p > 0.05). This suggests that the exposure to contaminants arises from local sources possessing different signatures of PBDEs and organochlorine pollutants. 相似文献
296.
PBDEs in marine and freshwater sediments from Belgium: levels, profiles and relations with biota 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Voorspoels S Covaci A Maervoet J Schepens P 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2004,6(11):914-918
Sediments from the Belgian North Sea (BNS), the Western Scheldt Estuary (SE) and freshwater watercourses from the Scheldt basin were analysed for eight PBDE congeners, namely BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209. Previously analysed biological samples from the same locations in the BNS and the SE have been shown to contain large amounts of PBDEs. Surprisingly, PBDE concentrations in the sediments were below the LOQ for samples from the BNS (except BDE 209), while in those from the SE the sum of PBDEs (not including BDE 209) were higher and ranged from 0.20 to 0.41 ng g(-1) dw. BDE 209 could be detected in 83% of the samples from the BNS and in all the samples from the SE. Concentrations up to 1200 ng g(-1) were hereby measured in the SE. Compared to the marine and estuarine locations, the sediments from the freshwater watercourses were relatively more polluted with the lower brominated PBDEs (<0.20-19 ng g(-1) dw). BDE 209 concentrations up to 320 ng g(-1) dw were measured in those sediments. However, the contribution of BDE 209 to the total amount of PBDEs varied much more at the freshwater locations than in the SE, which suggests a different input of pollutants. PBDE profiles observed in biological samples do not match the profiles of the sediments. BDE 183 and 209 could not be quantified in biota, although these congeners were undoubtedly present in the sediments. This raises questions about the bioavailability of these congeners in the environment. 相似文献
297.
298.
299.
Chuan Wang Samuel Nordgren Bo Lindblom Stefan Savonen Theresa Hedpalm Mikael Larsson Robert Hansson 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(9):944-951
LKAB Malmberget is a Swedish mining site located at Malmberget, Sweden. Seven boiler centers are located in the north part of Malmberget. There are no connections in between these boiler centers, meaning that it is a decentralized heating system. The heat generated is used to heat up buildings and for mine ventilation air mainly during the cold periods. The heat is mainly provided from electric and oil boilers. However, most boilers under use are over 20 years old, and it is time to retrofit the boiler system and infrastructure. The purpose of this work is to design and optimize the heating system by introducing an integrated concept to minimize the heat production cost.An optimization model based on the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) has been developed. Several technical options have been considered in a new centralized heating system. The optimization principle is based on two kinds of perspectives: current price and external costs. With consideration of environmental and health damage from society concerns point of view, instead of environmental taxes in the current price perspective, the monetary values of externalities due to pollutants such as CO2, NOx, SO2 and particulates emitted from the heating system are included. On the basis of data input and assumptions, modeling results indicate that a lower cost could be achieved when a waste heat recovery boiler is installed at the older pelletization plant to recover sensible heat from flue gas. This technical option is the best solution or at least contributes to the best solution in all optimization results. Including the externality cost is useful for making fair evaluation of the social-environmental impacts of the alternatives. 相似文献
300.
Alberta is the province with the largest CO2 emissions in Canada, with approximately two-thirds of emissions originating from large stationary sources. Due to the fortuitous association of large CO2 sources with the storage capacity offered by the underlying Alberta basin, it is expected that large-scale CO2 geological storage in Canada will occur in Alberta first, and both levels of governments are contemplating measures to facilitate implementation. A review of the current provincial and federal legislation and regulations presented in this paper indicates that the existing legal and regulatory regime is reasonably sufficient, with some modifications, to accommodate the active injection phase of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) operations, and the early takers of this new technology. However, governments in Alberta and Canada, and likely everywhere, need to address several pressing issues dealing mainly with the CCS post-operational phase. These issues, reviewed in this paper from an Alberta and Canadian perspective, fall into several categories: jurisdictional, property (ownership), regulatory and liability. Because Alberta is a landlocked province, matters relating to CO2 storage under the seabed will not be addressed here except when discussing matters of jurisdiction and CO2 classification. Possible models for post-injection liability transfer to the state are also presented. Although this review is focused on western Canada conditions, the issues are broad enough to be of interest in other jurisdictions, which may also adopt parts of the legal and regulatory framework that is quite well developed in Alberta. 相似文献