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71.
Ester Heath Nives Ogrinc Jadran Faganeli Stefano Covelli 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):605-614
To reconstruct a history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution in the Gulf of Trieste, one of the largest urbanized
areas in the Adriatic Sea, we analyzed three long sediment cores collected between 1996 and 1997. Concentrations of total
PAHs, the sum of 16 PAH compounds and six of their methylated analogues, in all three cores show a decrease from 600–800 ng
g−1, at the surface, to levels below 250 ng g−1 in deepest layers (down to 3 m). The same trend was shown with separate representative pyrogenic PAHs (pyrene, benzofluoranthene
and phenanthrene). Using Hg as a recent geochronological tracer, we observe an increasing input of PAHs since the beginning
of the 20th Century and, especially, after the Second World War coinciding with increasing industrialization and urbanization
of the region. This correlation is supported by PAH ratios that are indication of combustion processes and represent a marker
for anthropogenic inputs. No correlation exists between PAHs and black carbon within the core profiles, indicating two different
fractions of the ‘black carbon continuum’. 相似文献
72.
73.
The results of an assessment study of both industrial and non-industrial dioxin and furan (PCDD/Fs) emissions in the Lombardy Region (Italy) are outlined below. The main data source refer to 1997, and are compiled from the Lombardy Emissions Inventory (developed under the framework of the Regional Air Quality Plan) together with documented emissions factors available. Due to the uncertain nature of the emissions assessment, results are provided as a most probable value within a given range. Total PCDD/Fs emissions in Lombardy average 33 g I-TEQ y(-1), ranging from minimum 13 g I-TEQ y(-1) to maximum 88 g I-TEQ y(-1). The main PCDD/Fs sources are waste incineration, electric arc furnace for steel production, vehicle diesel combustion and residential wood combustion. Incineration emission factors are expected to decrease over the period 2005-2010, in compliance with legal requirements. This will prioritize control over the remaining main PCDD/Fs contributors. Due to limited information available concerning this data, the accuracy of which is uncertain, further research is needed to evaluate the future role of these sources. 相似文献
74.
Brunialti G Giordani P Isocrono D Loppi S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,75(3):271-280
A total of 65 operators involved in lichen mapping studies in central and northwestern Italy underwent quality control tests during five lichen biomonitoring workshops organized between 1999and 2000. The results showed that 75% quantitative accuracy and90% quantitative precision can be regarded as satisfactory levels for lichen biodiversity data; 65% proved to be sufficientfor accuracy of taxonomic identification in the field. Average correct assignment of the interpretative naturality/alteration class was only 48.7%. The results indicated the need for taxonomic training. 相似文献
75.
Marco Vannini Elisha Mrabu Stefano Cannicci Rocco Rorandelli Sara Fratini 《Marine Biology》2008,153(6):1047-1053
In Mida Creek, Kenya (3°20′S, 40°5′E), at high water, the snail Cerithidea decollata dwells on the trunks of mangrove trees (Avicennia marina), while during low water it migrates to the ground, foraging at various distances from the trunk, where it aggregates again
well before the incoming tide. Snails from the upper shore level are 150–200 m distant from those living at the lower shore
level and they cluster at lower heights on trunks. In any case, sufficient height is usually attained to avoid being submersed.
An experiment was designed (February and October 2005), exchanging individuals from different shore levels subject to different
tide regimes, in order to test whether snails rely on internal information or on external, direct cues, to adapt their behaviour
to local conditions. Results show that C. decollata mostly rely on internal information, presumably based on an internal clock. When individuals from upper and lower shore levels
were exchanged, their internal clocks continued to govern when to ascend the home trunk and how high to climb for five to
six successive tides, after which the behaviour was reset to the new local conditions. 相似文献
76.
Stefano Canessa Sarah J. Converse Matt West Nick Clemann Graeme Gillespie Michael McFadden Aimee J. Silla Kirsten M. Parris Michael A. McCarthy 《Conservation biology》2016,30(3):599-609
Ex situ conservation strategies for threatened species often require long‐term commitment and financial investment to achieve management objectives. We present a framework that considers the decision to adopt ex situ management for a target species as the end point of several linked decisions. We used a decision tree to intuitively represent the logical sequence of decision making. The first decision is to identify the specific management actions most likely to achieve the fundamental objectives of the recovery plan, with or without the use of ex‐situ populations. Once this decision has been made, one decides whether to establish an ex situ population, accounting for the probability of success in the initial phase of the recovery plan, for example, the probability of successful breeding in captivity. Approaching these decisions in the reverse order (attempting to establish an ex situ population before its purpose is clearly defined) can lead to a poor allocation of resources, because it may restrict the range of available decisions in the second stage. We applied our decision framework to the recovery program for the threatened spotted tree frog (Litoria spenceri) of southeastern Australia. Across a range of possible management actions, only those including ex situ management were expected to provide >50% probability of the species’ persistence, but these actions cost more than use of in situ alternatives only. The expected benefits of ex situ actions were predicted to be offset by additional uncertainty and stochasticity associated with establishing and maintaining ex situ populations. Naïvely implementing ex situ conservation strategies can lead to inefficient management. Our framework may help managers explicitly evaluate objectives, management options, and the probability of success prior to establishing a captive colony of any given species. 相似文献
77.
Kiskira Kyriaki Papirio Stefano van Hullebusch Eric Didier Esposito Giovanni 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):21323-21333
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fe(II)-mediated autotrophic denitrification with four different microbial cultures under different pH and EDTA/Fe(II) conditions was investigated in... 相似文献
78.
Mauro Tretiach Fabio Candotto Carniel Stefano Loppi Alberto Carniel Adriano Bortolussi Denis Mazzilis Clorinda Del Bianco 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,175(1-4):589-600
A lichen transplant study aimed at investigating a strong increase in mercury concentrations in lichens was run in a territory of NE Italy where background values were very low only 8 years before. Thalli of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea collected in a pristine area were exposed for 1.5, 3 and 6 months at 31 sites selected according to the observed pattern of Hg concentrations, location of the suspected source (a new waste incinerator) and prevailing wind direction. Hg strongly increased at eight sites after 1.5 months, at 12 after 3 months and at 20 after 6 months. The highest values were always located SW and S of the incinerator, in good agreement with the prevailing night wind direction. It was concluded that, although the immediate risk for the population living close to the incinerator is low, long-term hazard due to Hg accumulation in the surrounding environment should be seriously taken into account. 相似文献
79.
Stefano Orsini 《Local Environment》2013,18(8):934-949
Structural changes in agriculture and urbanisation affect land management regimes and local landscape functions. Studying the new functions of land is as relevant as the owners' land management decisions, the replacement of farming with different activities and land uses may impact not only the local landscape's functions but also, in the long run, its structure and the environment. Drawing on a detailed case study in Tuscany based on qualitative interviews with landowners and on the understanding of the socio-economic context, this article analyses landowners' attitudes towards land property and farming in relation to individual motives as well as to local and supra-local contexts. Five relational typologies of landowners are identified: pure farmers, amenity farmers, land developers, land-with-house owners and house-with-land owners. Diverse trends – such as particular farmers’ attitudes towards land development, or the emerging role of non-professional farmers in land management – are found to raise challenges related to rural land planning and management. 相似文献
80.
Meninno Sabrina Persi Elisabetta Petaccia Gabriella Sibilla Stefano Armanini Aronne 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2020,20(3):593-617
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Wood transport during high flow events is here treated as an advective–diffusive phenomenon. A theoretical definition of the governing equation is first... 相似文献