全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12212篇 |
免费 | 110篇 |
国内免费 | 92篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 347篇 |
废物处理 | 454篇 |
环保管理 | 1652篇 |
综合类 | 2150篇 |
基础理论 | 3182篇 |
环境理论 | 8篇 |
污染及防治 | 3093篇 |
评价与监测 | 793篇 |
社会与环境 | 650篇 |
灾害及防治 | 85篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 109篇 |
2021年 | 100篇 |
2020年 | 83篇 |
2019年 | 105篇 |
2018年 | 178篇 |
2017年 | 153篇 |
2016年 | 240篇 |
2015年 | 204篇 |
2014年 | 282篇 |
2013年 | 938篇 |
2012年 | 372篇 |
2011年 | 523篇 |
2010年 | 428篇 |
2009年 | 490篇 |
2008年 | 535篇 |
2007年 | 538篇 |
2006年 | 468篇 |
2005年 | 428篇 |
2004年 | 358篇 |
2003年 | 370篇 |
2002年 | 353篇 |
2001年 | 475篇 |
2000年 | 351篇 |
1999年 | 209篇 |
1998年 | 132篇 |
1997年 | 158篇 |
1996年 | 164篇 |
1995年 | 191篇 |
1994年 | 193篇 |
1993年 | 159篇 |
1992年 | 135篇 |
1991年 | 169篇 |
1990年 | 163篇 |
1989年 | 157篇 |
1988年 | 115篇 |
1987年 | 114篇 |
1986年 | 118篇 |
1985年 | 92篇 |
1984年 | 109篇 |
1983年 | 111篇 |
1982年 | 121篇 |
1981年 | 109篇 |
1980年 | 96篇 |
1979年 | 112篇 |
1978年 | 74篇 |
1977年 | 76篇 |
1975年 | 76篇 |
1973年 | 74篇 |
1972年 | 67篇 |
1967年 | 66篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 625 毫秒
681.
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as DDT and DDE have been detected in the surface 0.2 m of Vertisols in the lower Namoi Valley of north western New South Wales, Australia even though they have not been applied to crops since 1982. However, their presence in the deeper soil horizons has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine if OCPs were present to a depth of 1.2 m in Vertisols under irrigated cotton farming systems in the lower Namoi Valley of New South Wales. Soil was sampled from the 0-1.2 m depths in three sites, viz. the Australian Cotton Research Institute, ACRI, near Narrabri (149°36′E, 30°12′S), and two cotton farms near Wee Waa (149°27′E, 30°13′S) and Merah North (149°18′E, 30°12′S) in northern New South Wales, Australia. The OCPs detected and their metabolites were α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulphate, DDD, DDE, DDT and endrin. The metabolite DDE, a breakdown product of DDT, was the most persistent OCP in all depths analysed. Endosulfan sulphate was the second most persistent followed by endrin > α-endosulfan > β-endosulfan > DDT and DDD. DDT was sprayed extensively in the lower Namoi Valley up to the early 1980s and may explain the persistence of DDE in the majority of soil samples. Dicofol and Dieldrin, two OCPs previously undocumented in Vertisols were also detected. The movement of OCPs into the subsoil of Vertisols may occur when irrigation or rain transports soil colloids and organic matter via preferential flow systems into the deeper layers of a soil profile. Persistence of OCPs was closely correlated to soil organic carbon concentrations. The persistence in soil of OCP’s applied to cotton crops grown more than two decades ago suggests that they could enter the food chain. Their presence at depths of 1.2 m suggests that they could move into groundwater that may eventually be used for domestic and stock consumption. 相似文献
682.
Lorenz C Windler L von Goetz N Lehmann RP Schuppler M Hungerbühler K Heuberger M Nowack B 《Chemosphere》2012,89(7):817-824
Silver, both in the nano as well as in other forms, is used in many applications including antimicrobial textiles. Washing of such textiles has already been identified as an important process that results in the release of silver into wastewater. This study thus investigated the release of silver from eight different commercially available silver-textiles during a washing and rinsing cycle. The silver released was size-fractionated and characterized using electron microscopy. In addition, the antimicrobial functionality of the textiles was tested before and after washing. Three of the textiles contained nanosized silver (labeled or confirmed by manufacturers’ information), another used a metallic silver wire and four contained silver in undeclared form. The initial silver content of the textiles was between 1.5 and 2925 mg Ag/kg. Only four of the investigated textiles leached detectable amounts of silver, of which 34-80% was in the form of particles larger than 450 nm. Microscopic analysis of the particles released in the washing solutions identified Ti/Si-AgCl nanocomposites, AgCl nanoparticles, large AgCl particles, nanosilver sulfide and metallic nano-Ag, respectively. The nanoparticles were mainly found in highly agglomerated form. The identified nanotextiles showed the highest antimicrobial activity, whereas some of the other textiles, e.g. the one with a silver wire and the one with the lowest silver content, did not reduce the growth of bacteria at all. The results show that different silver textiles release different forms of silver during washing and that among the textiles investigated AgCl was the most frequently observed chemical form in the washwater. 相似文献
683.
The effects of Atrazine, an herbicide used worldwide and considered as a potential contaminant in aquatic environments, were assessed on the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus acutely (24 and 48 h) exposed to 2 or 10 μg L−1 of atrazine by using a set of biochemical and genetic biomarkers. The following parameters were measured in the liver: activity of the biotransformation enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S transferase (GST), antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), content of reduced glutathione (GSH), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and occurrence of lipid peroxidation (LPO); in brain and muscle the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and DNA damage (comet assay) on erythrocytes, gills and liver cells. A general decreasing trend on the biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes was observed in the liver of P. lineatus exposed to atrazine; except for GR, all the other antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and biotransformation enzymes (EROD and GST) showed inhibited activity. Changes in muscle or brain AChE were not detected. DNA damage was observed in the different cell types of fish exposed to the herbicide, and it was probably not from oxidative origin, since no increase in ROS generation and LPO was detected in the liver. These results show that atrazine behaves as enzyme inhibitor, impairing hepatic metabolism, and produces genotoxic damage to different cell types of P. lineatus. 相似文献
684.
Toxicity of metalaxyl, azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, cymoxanil, zoxamide and mancozeb to Phytophthora infestans isolates from Serbia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rekanović E Potočnik I Milijašević-Marčić S Stepanović M Todorović B Mihajlović M 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(5):403-409
A study of the in vitro sensitivity of 12 isolates of Phytophthora infestans to metalaxyl, azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, cymoxanil, zoxamide and mancozeb, was conducted. The isolates derived from infected potato leaves collected at eight different localities in Serbia during 2005-2007. The widest range of EC(50) values for mycelial growth of the isolates was recorded for metalaxyl. They varied from 0.3 to 3.9 μg mL(-1) and were higher than those expected in a susceptible population of P. infestans. The EC(50) values of the isolates were 0.16-0.30 μg mL(-1) for dimethomorph, 0.27-0.57 μg mL(-1) for cymoxanil, 0.0026-0.0049 μg mL(-1) for zoxamide and 2.9-5.0 μg mL(-1) for mancozeb. The results indicated that according to effective concentration (EC(50)) the 12 isolates of P. infestans were sensitive to azoxystrobin (0.019-0.074 μg mL(-1)), and intermediate resistant to metalaxyl, dimethomorph and cymoxanil. According to resistance factor, all P. infestans isolates were sensitive to dimethomorph, cymoxanil, mancozeb and zoxamide, 58.3% of isolates were sensitive to azoxystrobin and 50% to metalaxyl. Gout's scale indicated that 41.7% isolates were moderately sensitive to azoxystrobin and 50% to metalaxyl. 相似文献
685.
Liu YH Xie R Guo YR Zhu GN Tang FB 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(5):475-483
The effectiveness of homologous and heterologous formats in a nanocolloidal gold-based immunoassay for pesticide residue determination was investigated. Parathion, one of the most toxic organophosphorus pesticides, was used as the target analyte. One-step homologous and heterologous test strips based on a nanocolloidal gold-labeled monoclonal antibody were developed for the rapid detection of parathion residues. The results showed that the heterologous format was more effective than the homologous format, being more sensitive, more specific to parathion and more tolerant of matrix interferences. The best competitive hapten was found to have a moderate heterology and the opposite electronic distribution to the immunizing hapten. The detection limits for parathion using the preferred heterologous strip were 1 μg/L in water samples and 5 μg/kg in soil and food samples. 相似文献
686.
Crandell LE Peters CA Um W Jones KW Lindquist WB 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2012,131(1-4):89-99
At the former nuclear weapon production site in Hanford, WA, caustic radioactive tank waste leaks into subsurface sediments and causes dissolution of quartz and aluminosilicate minerals, and precipitation of sodalite and cancrinite. This work examines changes in pore structure due to these reactions in a previously-conducted column experiment. The column was sectioned and 2D images of the pore space were generated using backscattered electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A pre-precipitation scenario was created by digitally removing mineral matter identified as secondary precipitates. Porosity, determined by segmenting the images to distinguish pore space from mineral matter, was up to 0.11 less after reaction. Erosion-dilation analysis was used to compute pore and throat size distributions. Images with precipitation had more small and fewer large pores. Precipitation decreased throat sizes and the abundance of large throats. These findings agree with previous findings based on 3D X-ray CMT imaging, observing decreased porosity, clogging of small throats, and little change in large throats. However, 2D imaging found an increase in small pores, mainly in intragranular regions or below the resolution of the 3D images. Also, an increase in large pores observed via 3D imaging was not observed in the 2D analysis. Changes in flow conducting throats that are the key permeability-controlling features were observed in both methods. 相似文献
687.
Amorim MJ Pereira C Menezes-Oliveira VB Campos B Soares AM Loureiro S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2012,160(1):145-152
Chemicals are often found in the environment as complex mixtures. There has been a large effort in the last decade to assess the combined effect of chemicals, using the conceptual models of Concentration Addition and Independent Action, but also including synergistic, antagonistic, dose-level and dose-ratio dependent deviations from these models. In the present study, single and mixture toxicity of atrazine, dimethoate, lindane, zinc and cadmium were studied in Folsomia candida, assessing survival and reproduction. Different response patterns were observed for the different endpoints and synergistic patterns were observed when pesticides were present. Compared with the previously tested Enchytraeus albidus and Porcellionides pruinosus, the mixture toxicity pattern for F. candida was species specific. The present study highlights the importance of studying toxicity of chemicals mixtures due to the observed potentiation of effects and confirms that for an adequate ecologically relevant risk assessment different organisms and endpoints should be included. 相似文献
688.
Sorption-desorption behavior of imidacloprid in six soils collected from five coastal regions in Croatia at 20, 30 and 40°C was investigated using batch equilibrium technique. Isothermal data were applied to Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin equations, and the thermodynamic parameters ΔH°, ΔG°, ΔS° were calculated. The sorption isotherm curves were non-linear and may be classified as L-type, suggesting a relatively high sorption capacity for imidacloprid. Our results showed that the K( sor ) ( F ) values decreased for all the tested soils as the temperature increased, indicating that the temperature strongly influences the sorption. Values of ΔG° were negative (-4.65 to -2.00 kJ/mol) indicating that at all experimental temperatures the interactions of imidacloprid with soils were spontaneous processes. The negative and small ΔH° values (-19.79 to -8.89 kJ/mol) were in the range of weak forces, such as H-bonds, consistent with interactions and partitioning of the imidacloprid molecules into soil organic matter. The ΔS° values followed the range of -57.12 to -14.51 J/molK, suggesting that imidacloprid molecules lose entropy during transition from the solution phase to soil surface. It was found that imidacloprid desorption from soil was concentration and temperature-dependent, i.e. at lower imidacloprid concentrations and temperature, lower desorption percentage occurred. Desorption studies revealed that hysteretic behavior under different temperature treatments existed, and it was more pronounced at 20°C in the soils with higher OC content. The study results emphasize the importance of thermodynamic parameters in controlling soil pesticide mobility in different geographical locations, seasons and greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
689.
Characterization of tannery sludge activated carbon and its utilization in the removal of azo reactive dye 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Geethakarthi A Phanikumar BR 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(3):656-665
Introduction
The removal of azo Reactive Red 31(RR31) from synthetic dye solution using tannery sludge-developed activated carbon (TSC) was investigated. 相似文献690.
Demir S Saral A Ertürk F Kuzu SL Goncaloğlu BI Demir G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1503-1514