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231.
232.
Steven M. Wondzell Mousa Diabat Roy Haggerty 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(1):116-132
Simulations of stream temperatures showed a wide range of future thermal regimes under a warming climate — from 2.9°C warmer to 7.6°C cooler than current conditions — depending primarily on shade from riparian vegetation. We used the stream temperature model, Heat Source, to analyze a 37‐km study segment of the upper Middle Fork John Day River, located in northeast Oregon, USA. We developed alternative future scenarios based on downscaled projections from climate change models and the composition and structure of native riparian forests. We examined 36 scenarios combining future changes in air temperature (ΔTair = 0°C, +2°C, and +4°C), stream discharge (ΔQ = ?30%, 0%, and +30%), and riparian vegetation (post‐wildfire with 7% shade, current vegetation with 19% shade, a young‐open forest with 34% shade, and a mature riparian forest with 79% effective shade). Shade from riparian vegetation had the largest influence on stream temperatures, changing the seven‐day average daily maximum temperature (7DADM) from +1°C to ?7°C. In comparison, the 7DADM increased by 1.4°C with a 4°C increase in air temperature and by 0.7°C with a 30% change in discharge. Many streams throughout the interior western United States have been altered in ways that have substantially reduced shade. The effect of restoring shade could result in future stream temperatures that are colder than today, even under a warmer climate with substantially lower late‐summer streamflow. 相似文献
233.
Levine Jordan Isaeva Aiganysh Eddy Ian Foggin Marc Gergel Sarah Hagerman Shannon Zerriffi Hisham 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(3):941-947
Regional Environmental Change - Despite internationally recognized definitions, there remains debate over what constitutes ‘actual’ degradation in various agro-pastoral contexts. This... 相似文献
234.
Curtis M. Oldenburg Steven L. Bryant Jean-Philippe Nicot 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(4):444-457
We have developed a certification framework (CF) for certifying the safety and effectiveness of geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) sites. Safety and effectiveness are achieved if CO2 and displaced brine have no significant impact on humans, other living things, resources, or the environment. In the CF, we relate effective trapping to CO2 leakage risk which takes into account both the impact and probability of leakage. We achieve simplicity in the CF by using (1) wells and faults as the potential leakage pathways, (2) compartments to represent environmental resources that may be impacted by leakage, (3) CO2 fluxes and concentrations in the compartments as proxies for impact to vulnerable entities, (4) broad ranges of storage formation properties to generate a catalog of simulated plume movements, and (5) probabilities of intersection of the CO2 plume with the conduits and compartments. We demonstrate the approach on a hypothetical GCS site in a Texas Gulf Coast saline formation. Through its generality and flexibility, the CF can contribute to the assessment of risk of CO2 and brine leakage as part of the certification process for licensing and permitting of GCS sites around the world regardless of the specific regulations in place in any given country. 相似文献
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236.
Deivis E. Lujan-Rhenals Rubén O. Morawicki Steven C. Ricke 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):305-311
The objective of this research was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, furfural, and acetic acid on Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NRRL Y-2233) and Zymomonas mobilis subspecies mobilis (NRRL B-4286) in both detoxified hydrolyzed soybean meal and synthetic YM broth spiked with the three compounds. Soybean meal was hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acid (0.0, 0.5, 1.25, and 2.0% wt v?1) at three temperatures (105, 120, and 135°C) and three durations (15, 30, and 45 min) followed by detoxification with activated carbon. Of all the combinations, only the treatments obtained at 135°C, 2.0% H2SO4, and 45 min and the one at 135°C, 1.25% H2SO4, and 45 min showed inhibition in the growth of the tested microorganisms. Spiked YM broths showed inhibition for the highest levels of inhibitors, either applied individually or in combination. 相似文献
237.
Steven T.J. Droge Joop L.M. Hermens 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(10):3116-3122
Mineral surfaces form the main sorption phase for alcohol ethoxylates (AEs) in marine sediment. Competition for adsorption sites is investigated for marine sediment and kaolinite clay using simple mixtures of AE homologues. For both sorbents, adsorption sites on mineral surfaces can be effectively blocked by an AE homologue with the strongest adsorption affinity. The strongly adsorbed AE, however, forms a second sorption phase to which weakly adsorbing AE will sorb, forming bilayers. An extended dual-mode model accounts for competition effects, while still based on sorption properties of individual compounds. Competition effects become apparent when total adsorbed concentrations reach ∼10% of the adsorption capacity. Deviations from individual sorption isotherms depend on affinity constants and dissolved homologue composition. Competition will not often occur in contaminated field sediments, with AEs concentrations usually far below the adsorption capacity, but will affect sorption studies, sediment toxicity tests or applications with nonionic surfactant mixtures. 相似文献
238.
Robert K. Hall Russell L. Watkins Daniel T. Heggem K. Bruce Jones Philip R. Kaufmann Steven B. Moore Sandra J. Gregory 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,159(1-4):63-83
Structural physical habitat attributes include indices of stream size, channel gradient, substrate size, habitat complexity, and riparian vegetation cover and structure. The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) is designed to assess the status and trends of ecological resources at different scales. High-resolution remote sensing provides unique capabilities in detecting a variety of features and indicators of environmental health and condition. LIDAR is an airborne scanning laser system that provides data on topography, channel dimensions (width, depth), slope, channel complexity (residual pools, volume, morphometric complexity, hydraulic roughness), riparian vegetation (height and density), dimensions of riparian zone, anthropogenic alterations and disturbances, and channel and riparian interaction. Hyperspectral aerial imagery offers the advantage of high spectral and spatial resolution allowing for the detection and identification of riparian vegetation and natural and anthropogenic features at a resolution not possible with satellite imagery. When combined, or fused, these technologies comprise a powerful geospatial data set for assessing and monitoring lentic and lotic environmental characteristics and condition. 相似文献
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240.
Zhang Wei Price Steven J. Bonner Simon J. 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2021,28(2):405-422
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Misidentification of animals is a common problem for many capture-recapture experiments. Considerably misleading inference may be obtained when traditional... 相似文献