关于污染排放总量控制立法的探讨

本文结合实际工作，在系统分析当前污染物总量控制中存在问题的基础上，提出了解决问题的几点建议，从而进一步说明了进行污染物总量控制地的必要性，并对立法的有关内容和事项进行了探讨。     

贵州天然草地资源的自然特征和评价

贵州天然草地是我国南方草地资源的重要组成部分。本文通过1984年对贵州省84个县的草地调查和1331个草地调查样地的分析研究,阐述了贵州草地的次生性和不稳定性、草地分布规律、草地植被和草地类型的特点,进而对贵州草地的生产力和开发利用进行了评价。     

新生态MnO_2的制备及处理造纸废水的实验研究

实验制备并表征了XS - 1、XS - 2、XS - 3和XS - 4四种新生态MnO2 ,比较了它们对造纸废水的CODCr去除率和脱色率。结果表明 ,XS - 1和XS - 2样品的处理效果较好。选择XS - 1作为处理剂 ,研究了 pH值、投加量、温度等因素对处理效果的影响 ,并探讨了作用机理。当 pH值小于 1 .5、投加量为 50mg/ 1 0 0mL时 ,1 5℃下振荡 1h后 ,对CODCr为 3680mg/L、色度为 650倍的造纸废水的CODCr去除率达 60 % ,脱色率可达 91 %。     

长江河口低盐度河段化学物质的分布及其成因

根据长江口水体 2 0个站位的DO、ABS、Cl-、B、P、BOD5、NH4 N、TOC、Pb、Cu、Mn、CODCr、SS、Cr(VI)等指标的系统监测结果 ,采用因子分析法对引起长江河口上游来水水质变化的因素作出了综合判断。各种影响因素中海水入侵、支流进入、城市污水排放的成因率分别达到 6 2 .0、2 4 .9和 4 .8%。     

Effect of the air pollution on atmospheric visibility in Beijing-Tianjin area

Simultaneous measurements of air pollutant concentrations and atmospheric visibility were made in Beijing and Tianjin areas in 1983-1985. The relationship between air pollution and visibility was studied. It was found that atmospheric particulates have the most high contribution to visibility decreasing. The percentages of contributions of sulfates and soot are 52-58% and 22-29% respectively. According to the results, we suggest that the emission of SO2 and particulates must be controlled in order to improve the atmospheric visibility.     

Efficient capture of aqueous humic acid using a functionalized stereoscopic porous activated carbon based on poly(acrylic acid)/food-waste hydrogel

Stereoscopic porous carbons have shown good potential in humic acid (HA) removal. In this work, a novel stereoscopic porous activated carbon (SPAC) was designed and synthesized via the self-assembly of a hydrogel based on food waste during in-situ polymerization, vacuum drying, carbonization, and activation. Then, the SPAC was functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and the adsorption behavior of the modified SPAC (SPAC-NH₂) was studied systematically. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration of HA, and adsorbent dose were investigated, showing that optimal HA removal efficiency (> 98.0%) could be achieved at an initial HA concentration of 100?mg/L. The experimental adsorption isotherm data was fitted to the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 156.0?mg?HA/g SPAC-NH₂. Analysis of the mechanism indicated that the removal of HA was mainly realized through the amidization reaction between the COOH groups of HA and the NH₂ groups of APTES. All of the above results showed that SPAC-NH₂ powder is an efficient, eco-friendly, and reusable adsorbent which is suitable for the removal of HA from wastewater.     

气溶胶污染对地面太阳紫外辐射的影响

一、前言太阳光通过大气层时经过了各种影响因素的衰减后到达地面,其中臭氧分子吸收,气溶胶粒子吸收和散射的影响作用最为主要.当臭氧浓度或气溶胶粒子浓度改变时,到达地面的太阳紫外辐射量将改变.据观测,近二十年来,全球范围内臭氧总量已普遍减少了1％—3％.臭氧浓度的降低增加了地面紫外线B辐射(UV-B,280—320nm),从而将给地球生物带来一定的危害作用.尽管臭氧浓度减少对地面UV-B辐射增加的作用很大,但是大气中颗粒物含量的增     

半导体材料生产废水中的GaAs、Ga~(3+)和Ge~(4+)对活性污泥核酸和氨基酸的影响

研究了GaAs、Ga~(3+)、Ge~(4+)、Hg~(2+)和Cr~(6+)对活性污泥脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)和核糖核酸(RNA)的影响,以及GaAs对活性污泥氨基酸的影响。结果表明,Hg~(2+)和Cr~(6+)主要使活性污泥中核酸的DNA含量减少,GaAs则主要使RNA含量减少,Ge~(4+)浓度达到300ppm/g MLSS对,无论对DNA还是RNA的合成都有较强的抑制影响。低浓度的GaAs对活性污泥氨基酸含量影响不大,而GaAs浓度达360ppm/g MLSS时则使活性污泥中氨基酸含量明显减少。     

应用淀粉工业废水生产单细胞蛋白质的优良菌种选育研究

淀粉工业废水中含有丰富的有机物质，可以做为生产单细胞蛋白质的原料来源．但是，不同种微生物对淀粉工业废水中的物质利用能力不同、净化废水能力不同、菌体蛋白收率也不同．因此菌种选择是应用淀粉工业废水生产单细胞蛋白质的关键．本研究为试验室内用淀粉生产废水培养单细胞蛋白质的优良菌种的初试选择研究．试验结果认定ＧｅｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍＬｉｎｋ为选用菌株．     

抚顺西露天矿排土场环境质量状况研究

调查分析了抚顺西露天矿西排土场地下水、空气、土壤环境质量状况：复垦前排土场大气环境质量较差。属于中度污染水平；地下水为高矿化度、高硬度的硫酸盐型水；排土场土壤贫瘠，无发育层次。结构不良，保水差，有机质含量低。重金属含量达到土壤环境质量三级标准。生态恢复宜种植耐干旱、耐贫瘠、改良土壤、固坡护土的植物。西排土场的环境现状分析研究，对探索矿业城市生态恢复整治途径与土地复垦规划的制定具有重要的参考价值。