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41.
Fang Guor-Cheng Chen Yu-Cheng Lo Chaur-Tsuen Cho Meng-Hsien Zhuang Yuan-Jie Tsai Kai-Hsiang Huang Chao-Yang Xiao You-Fu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(1):461-472
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The concentrations of particulates and metallic elements that were bound to total suspended particulates in ambient air at Long Cyuan Elementary School... 相似文献
42.
Fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during vitrification of incinerator ash in a coke bed furnace 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the vitrification of fly ash and bottom ash from the municipal waste incinerator in a coke bed furnace was investigated. In this system, both coke and lime were added to enhance the melting reaction. The major PAH sources in this system were ash and coke, which respectively contributed 97% and 3% of PAHs in the input-mass. During vitrification process, low molecular PAHs (LM-PAH, 2-3-ring), median molecular PAHs (MM-PAH, 4-ring) and high molecular PAHs (HM-PAH, 5-7-ring) mass respectively accounted for >99%, >99% and 84% of the output-mass emitted as the stack flue gas; while those discharged from the slag were <1%, <1% and 16%, respectively. The O/I (output-mass/input-mass) ratio of LM-, MM- and HM-PAHs were 0.063, 0.002 and <0.001, respectively. The high distribution in flue gas and O/I ratio of LM-PAHs is reasonable since they are more easily evaporated, hence difficult to be removed by air pollution control devices. On the contrary, the HM-PAHs, having lower vapor pressure, primarily stays mainly in slag. Based on the 21 total PAH content in feeding ash and slag, the reduction efficiency of the coke bed furnace was >99.9%. To minimize the risk of secondary pollution, the efficiency of coke bed furnace should be improved to reduce the PAH emission into ambient air. 相似文献
43.
Chiang CT Chang TK Hwang YH Su CC Tsai KY Yuan TH Lian IeB 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(5):469-476
The growing incidence of oral cancer (OC) in Taiwan has become a crucial public health concern. In particular, Changhua, a
county in central Taiwan, carries persistently high OC incidence rate, with an alarmingly high male/female ratio of OC incidence.
Previous epidemiological studies had found that the incidence is spatially correlated with the level of soil content to certain
heavy metals in the central Taiwan area. Soil and the human body both intake environmental heavy metals, which can be absorbed
through various ways. The soil metal concentration is an index of possible environmental exposure to heavy metal, and the
blood metal concentration somewhat reflects the level of the exposure on the human body. Metallic carcinogen is likely to
generate free radicals and play a role in many cancers, and many studies had reported that environmental exposure to heavy
metals is an important risk factor for developing cancer. Studies on animals showed that chronic intake of chromium (Cr) could
induce OC. This study aims to explore the association between the Cr concentration in the farm soil and in the blood of OC
patients. We recruited 79 OC patients from Changhua County, with their lifestyle being adjusted in regression analysis. The
results showed that the Cr concentration in the blood of OC patients is significantly higher than the background value, and
is positively associated with the Cr concentration in the soil surrounding their residence (p-value < 0.023). Because Changhua County is only with moderate prevalence of the known OC habitual risk factors, an environmental
factor related to heavy metal Cr exposure is suspected. Future investigations may verify the causal relation between Cr and
OC. 相似文献
44.
Perng-Jy Tsai Ching-Chang Lee Mei-Ru Chen Tung-Sheng Shih Ching-Huang Lai Saou-Hsing Liou 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2002,36(39-40)
This study was set out to assess the contents of five volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including BTEX (the acronym for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), in three types of tollbooth (including the car lane/ticket-collecting, car lane/cash-collecting, and bus/truck lane tollbooths) at a highway toll station via the direct and indirect approaches. For the direct approach, VOC samples were collected from the breathing zone of booth attendants at all selected tollbooths during the three workshifts. For samples collected during the dayshift, we found VOC contents of BTEX and MTBE in both the car lane/ticket-collecting (=6.23, 21.93, 3.24, 8.56, and 5.63 ppb, respectively) and car lane/cash-collecting tollbooths (=5.98, 21.71, 3.25, 8.59, and 6.04 ppb, respectively) were quite comparable, but both were significantly higher than that in the bus/truck lane tollbooth (=3.13, 13.91, 2.05, 4.52, and 2.70 ppb, respectively). The same pattern can also be found for the other two workshifts. For the indirect approach, we conducted multivariate regression analyses to predict VOC contents for any given type of tollbooth by using the four independent variables of the vehicle flowrate, wind speed, relative humidity, and air temperature. We found that, except the vehicle flowrate, the other three factors did not have a significant effect on VOC contents in the three types of tollbooth. In addition, the magnitudes of the effect of the vehicle flowrate on VOC contents for the three types of tollbooth were: car lane/cash-collecting>bus/truck lane>car lane/ticket-collecting. All regression results yielded R2-values in the range of 0.41−0.74 indicating that the developed indirect approach was able to predict VOC contents for three types of tollbooth. 相似文献
45.
Cho ST Tsai SH Ravindran A Selvam A Yang SS 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(3):255-272
To investigate the seasonal variations of microbial ecology in grassland of Tatachia forest, soil properties, microbial populations,
microbial biomass, and 16S rDNA clone library analysis were determined. The soil had temperatures 6.6–18.4°C, pH 3.6–5.1,
total organic carbon 1.11–10.68%, total nitrogen 0.18–0.78%, and C/N ratios 3.46–20.55. Each gram of dry soil contained bacteria,
actinomycetes, fungi, cellulolytic, phosphate-solubilizing microbes, and nitrogen-fixing microbes 4.54 × 104 to 3.79 × 107, 3.43 × 102 to 2.17 × 105, 5.74 × 103 to 3.76 × 106, 1.97 × 103 to 1.34 × 106, 8.49 × 102 to 5.59 × 105, and 3.86 × 102 to 3.75 × 105 CFU, respectively. Each gram of soil contained 117–2,482 μg of microbial biomass carbon, 23–216 μg of microbial biomass nitrogen
and 9–29 μg of DNA. The microbial populations, microbial biomass, and DNA decreased stepwise with the depth of soil, and they
had low values in winter seasons. The microbial populations, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and DNA
at the BW2 horizon were 8.42–17.84, 19.26–64.40, 16.84–61.11, and 31.03–46.26% of those at the O horizon, respectively. When
analyzing 16S rDNA library, members of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes,
candidate division TM1, candidate division TM7, Gammatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia were identified. Members of Proteobacteria
(44.4%) and Acidobacteria (33.3%) dominated the clone libraries. Within the phylum Proteobacteria, α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria
were most numerous, followed by δ-Proteobacteria. 相似文献
46.
ABSTRACT: This work presents a flexible system called GIS‐based Flood Information System (GFIS) for floodplain modeling, flood damages calculation, and flood information support. It includes two major components, namely floodplain modeling and custom designed modules. Model parameters and input data are gathered, reviewed, and compiled using custom designed modules. Through these modules, it is possible for GFIS to control the process of flood‐plain modeling, presentation of simulation results, and calculation of flood damages. Empirical stage‐damage curves are used to calculate the flood damages. These curves were generated from stage‐damage surveys of anthropogenic structures, crops, etc., in the coastal region of a frequently flooded area in Chia‐I County, Taiwan. The average annual flood damages are calculated with exceedance probability and flood damages for the designed rainfalls of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 year recurrence intervals with a duration of 24 hours. The average annual flood depth in this study area can also be calculated using the same method. The primary advantages of GFIS are its ability to accurately predict the locations of flood area, depth, and duration; calculate flood damages in the floodplain; and compare the reduction of flood damages for flood mitigation plans. 相似文献
47.
David Ching‐Fang Shih Chin‐Dee Lee Kin‐Forie Chiou Shi‐Ming Tsai 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(5):1087-1099
ABSTRACT: Water level data at 16 ground water wells and two sea water gauging stations, coupled with barometric measurements in an alluvial plain in the central‐west region of Taiwan, are analyzed using spectral analysis in the time and frequency domains. The semi‐diurnal component from water level station is observed to be the most noticeable signal while the diurnal component is the less distinct signal recorded at the water level stations. Both semidiurnal and diurnal components are coupled with atmospheric pressure measurements. From the atmospheric pressure data, spectral analysis indicates that both the raw and the pressure adjusted water levels are almost in phase and retain the same amplitude in this area. It implies that the effect of pressure variations is not significant for the sea water and ground water level nearby; the astronomical tidal components, as expected, are the main factor causing fluctuation of ocean water and ground water levels in the Choshuihsi alluvial plain. 相似文献
48.
Yen JH Tsai PW Chen WC Wang YS 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(5):382-389
The fate of herbicides trifluralin, pendimethalin, alachlor and metolachlor in paddy field soils amended with plant materials was investigated. The plant materials were purple sesbania, vegetable soybean and rice straw. The investigation was performed at two temperatures (25 and 40 degrees C) and two soil water moistures (60 and 90% water-holding capacity). The results showed linear and Freudlich equations described the adsorption of amide compound to soil. Adsorption coefficient (K(d)) fit to linear equation were in general greater in plant material-amended soils than in non-amended soil, especially in soil amending with rice straw. Increasing temperature and soil water moisture content shortened the half-lives of compounds in various treated soils. The movement of compounds in the soil columns showed the maximum distribution of aniline type compound, trifluralin and pendimethalin, appeared at the upper top of 0 to 5 and 0 to 10 cm of soil column, respectively, and of anilide type, alachlor and metolachlor, were distributed at 0 to 25 cm of the soil column. The mobility of chemicals in the different treated soils was simulated by the behavior assessment model (BAM). There was no significant difference among different plant material incubated soils on dissipation and mobility of compounds in soils. 相似文献
49.
Chao‐Hsien Liaw Yao‐Lung Tsai 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(4):901-912
ABSTRACT: Major parameters and optimum storage volumes of rooftop rain water harvesting systems (RRWHSs) have not been investigated in detail in Taiwan. Accordingly, the four major parameters of RRWHSs were herein identified and elucidated using a simulation method. Because the performance of the RRWHSs is sensitive to the runoff coefficient, a field experiment was conducted to determine the runoff coefficient more precisely for various types of roofs. A simulation model including production theory was developed and employed to estimate the most cost effective combination of the roof area and the storage capacity that best supplies a specific volume of water. Consequently, the expansion path of optimum solutions for different volumetric reliability of water supply can be determined. Additionally, the method based on the marginal rate of substitution can be used for determining the rational volumetric reliability. The procedures developed herein constitute an effective tool for preliminarily estimating the most satisfactory storage capacity of any specific roof area and for determining the rational reliability of a corresponding water supply. 相似文献
50.