基于生态功能考虑的西北干旱地区生态需水研究

在当前生态需水研究的基础上,选取植被盖度作为衡量绿洲生态功能的主要指标,根据植被盖度和侵蚀率之间的关系,从生态系统的需水机理出发,提出了基于生态功能考虑的西北干旱地区生态需水量计算方法.以额济纳绿洲为例,计算了2000年额济纳绿洲生态需水,并与额济纳绿洲不同时期的生态需水进行了对比分析.     

环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测方法探讨

以某铝厂环境空气氟化物污染纠纷的技术仲裁监测为实例，总结出了一套环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测的工作程序和方法，从法律程序、技术路线、质量保证，监测指标体系等方面对环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测工作如何开展进行了探讨。     

关于水域面源污染的控制

分析了水域面源污染的现状,指出其治理上的难点,认为从解决点源污染着手,把握客观规律,才能有效解决面源污染.最后就面源污染的控制治理,提出了具体设想.     

石油化工企业灭火中的环境保护

针对近几年来连续发生的石化企业重大火灾后污染水源的恶性事故,在此从消防部队的角度对消防污水的产生与特点进行了探讨,阐述了灭火战斗中注意的问题以及消防污水紧急处置的措施,对石化企业的防火设计及消防监管提出了一些建议,希望消防工作者在致力于消防事业时,同时树立强烈的环保意识,将保护环境作为消防工作的又一目标,力求避免因火灾引发的突发环境事件造成政治、经济和社会方面的重大影响.     

A biological paleoindicator for early lake acidification: Mallomonadacean (Chrysophyceae) scale abundance in sediments

The Science of Nature -     

西部开发环境保护工作的几点思考

本文就西部大开发中的环境保护工作提出十个方面的想法：认为应当明确环境保护是西部大开发的基本目标之一；弄清“家底，搞好区划，心快进入西部大开发的前沿阵地；编制西部大开发的环境保护规划；建立综合决策机制；重视资源型产业结构的污染问题；完善法规制度，强化环境管理；加强城镇环境建设与管理；研究包括农村环境保护、水环境保护、生态补偿机制环境投入等环境保护政策；重视环境保护宣传教育；加强基层组织建设和能力建设     

"北大仓"将变成第2个黄土高原?

因土质肥沃盛产粮食而闻名世界的“北大仓”,如今正因大量水土流失变得沟壑纵横,黑龙江这一“全国最大粮仓”的生产能力正在受到来自土壤恶化的威胁。专家呼吁,如不从根本上改变现状,“北大仓”在数十年后很可能会变成第二个黄土高原。     

Rapid prediction of disinfection by-product formation potential by fluorescence

Recent drinking water regulations have lowered the disinfection by-product standards as well as added new disinfection by-products for regulation. Natural organic matter (NOM) plays a major role in the formation of undesirable organic by-products following disinfection/oxidation of drinking water. It is suspected that most precursors to disinfection by-products are humic, although nonhumic substances are also suspected of contributing to these by-products. Many of the disinfection by-products have adverse health effects in humans (i.e., carcinogenic or mutagenic effects). The primary chlorinated disinfection by-products of concern include trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and haloacetonitrile. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study humic and fulvic acids. The two fractions of humic substances, humic and fulvic acids, were characterized by a double-peak phenomena in an overlapping fluorescing region. Disinfection by-product formation potentials of humic and fulvic acids have been correlated with total organic carbon, UV absorbance at 254 nm, specific absorbance and fluorescence. River humic and fulvic acid was found to have the highest reactivity to disinfection by-product formation as compared to soil and peat humic and fulvic acid. Fluorescence spectroscopy has shown to be a rapid and predictive tool for disinfection by-products formation potential of humic and fulvic acids.