济南市大气颗粒物特征及来源的研究

在济南市区设11个点位,在不同季节采集大气颗粒物,其中五个点位用六级串级式采样器采集飘尘样。样品分析了40多种元素、非金属和有机物,并分析了不同粒径中苯并(a)芘含量。应用富集因子计算并提出富集值大干5(EF>5)为污染富集的论点;摸清了济南大气颗粒物的理化特征及粒径分布规律;用化学质量平衡(CMB_7)法探寻了颗粒物来源。     

流域地下水质评价的GIS与模型集成分析

流域水环境管理已经成为当今环境科学的一个重要研究对象,对流域规模的水资源可持续管理和战略环境评价,地下水质评价是其重要内容,急需方法学的支持。全面分析目前国内外GIS与模型集成的研究现状,论述GIS与综合指数模型和机理模型集成的所需条件、优势和存在的问题。强调集成中应对模型的特征、模型的输入输出要求、流域数据基础以及GIS软件的功能进行具体分析,否则将导致区域分析的误差加大甚至产生错误信息。结合地下水水质评价常用的指数模型和机理模型,提出了GIS与模型的集成框架,分析GIS在集成中的3种模式,指明GIS与模型集成的发展方向。最后基于GIS与模型集成的现存问题提出对策,得出GIS与综合指数模型和机理模型集成的最优方法及适用条件,为具体应用提供方法学指导。     

Agricultural Structure in Western China by Comparing with before and after CFFG Based on Shift-share Method

Based on shift-share method, this article employs re- gional share, structural shift and competitive shift to analyze the structural benefit and competitive position of agricultural structure in western China by comparing with agriculture, foresting, stockbreeding and fishing before and after Conversion of Farmland to Forest and Grassland （CFFG）. Then authors draw following conclusion： while CFFG program has been put in practice, the agricultural structure in western China has some typical characteristics, such as growth faster, structural predominance obvious and more competitive. But the contributiveness from the competition is not too much yet, and the structural benefit of forest estate and stockbreeding are restrained.     

三峡水库蓄水期不同调度方案对洞庭湖出口水位的影响

洞庭湖水情受到长江和四水的综合影响,因此三峡水库蓄水运行必将对洞庭湖出口水位产生影响。通过构建模型对洞庭湖出口的水位过程进行模拟,以三峡出库日均流量、洞庭湖四水合成日均流量为输入,城陵矶站日水位过程为输出,以量化和分析城陵矶水位变化受三峡水库调度的影响。通过三峡入库流量代替出库流量,还原自然状态下的水位过程,并根据各调度方案计算的出库流量模拟各调度方案下城陵矶的水位变化过程。对比各调度方案下三峡水库蓄泄水对洞庭湖出口水位的影响可以发现：各蓄水方案对洞庭湖出口水位都造成了一定的影响,起蓄时间较早的方案影响时间较长,整体上平均水位变化也较大,但起蓄后水位变化较为平缓;起蓄时间较晚的方案影响时间较短,整体上平均水位变化相对较小,但起蓄后水位变化较为剧烈。考虑到不同年份和不同来水类型情况对洞庭湖出口水位的影响存在差异,各蓄水方案的优劣需要具体分析和讨论     

基于品牌创建模型的主题公园可持续发展研究

通过对主题公园研究文献的综述分析,指出主题公园研究中品牌化研究较为匮乏.而中国主题公园近二十年的发展历程表明,主题公园存在的生命周期短暂性现象的主要原因是缺乏品牌创新.从生命周期及可持续发展的视角,提出了以品牌为核心的主题公园运营模式,以此为指导构建了包括概念层、主体层以及基础层三个层面的主题公园品牌创建模型,即通过对动态市场的研究,设计、宣传和推广自身的原创品牌,在获得相应的品牌价值之后,将品牌价值向外延伸,通过系统内各部分的紧密合作,获得主题公园可持续发展的内在驱动力.最后,着重从原创品牌的构建、品牌价值的延伸和保障因素兰方面,提出了基于品牌创建模型的主题公园可持续发展策略.该策略表明:主题公园必须在丰厚的文化内涵和更高的游客体验价值基础上强化自身品牌的构建和发展,在品牌站稳于市场时要适当适度地进行品牌价值延伸,这才能保证主题公园经营的可持续发展.     

Distribution of radionuclides in the guano sediments of Xisha Islands, South China Sea and its implication

Several natural and anthropogenic radionuclides (²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra and ¹³⁷Cs) in guano-phosphatic coral sediments and pure guano particles collected from Ganquan, Guangjin, Jinqing and Jinyin Islands of the Xisha archipelago, South China Sea, were analyzed. The Constant Initial Concentration (CIC) model and the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model were applied for age calculation. The average supply rate of ²¹⁰Pb was 126 Bq m⁻² a⁻¹, very close to the flux of northern hemisphere average (125 Bq m⁻² a⁻¹). The activities of anthropogenic radionuclides in the sediments were very low, indicating that human nuclear tests did not notably impact this region. The main source of radionuclides in the sediments was from atmospheric precipitation, and the organic matter derived from plant and produced by nutrient-rich guano could further enhance them.     

人工湿地小试系统藻类去除效果的变化研究

夏季在水力负荷为800mm/d间歇式进水条件下,研究了人工湿地不同工艺流程的8套小试系统SSP（system of small plot）内部水流方向上藻类去除率的变化。结果表明：人工湿地小试系统中,藻类生物量沿水流方向逐渐减少,除藻率在出水处均达到最大值。藻类的去除主要发生在湿地水流方向的前几层,而系统其他层对藻类只有微弱的去除效果。由下行池与上行池构成的湿地系统中,去藻是上、下行池共同作用的结果。在有推流床或塘处理系统参与的湿地系统中,它们对藻类的去除均有一定的作用。去藻作用主要是基质的拦截,不同的水流方向、植物和微生物也起到了一定作用。湿地对藻类的去除率在夏季一般都能达到90%以上,证明人工湿地是一种有效的除藻生态-生物方法,对除藻要求比较高水体的湿地构建及工艺流程的设计、组合具有重要意义。     

Exploration of Science Parks

1 DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE PARKSThe concept of science park originated in the US. Manyterms are used to describe science parks, such as researchpark, technology park, science centre, research centre,innovation centre, and with various combination of these(MacDonald, 1987). The first science park in the worldis Stanford Industrial Park established in 1951. In 1955,only seven companies were located in the park. By 1980there were ninety companies including Hewlett PackardCompany, whic…     

棉花耐涝相关种质资源遗传多样性分析

为了解棉花耐涝相关种质资源的遗传多样性,选用均匀分布于棉花全基因组的145对引物,从中筛选出44对SSR引物对48份涝相关种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,44对SSR引物在48份材料中共检测出170个等位基因变异,平均每个位点有386个。其中耐涝材料的位点多态信息含量(PIC)、每个位点的有效等位基因数(Ne)、基因型多样性(H′)分别为0632、1710 4和0393 7,涝敏感材料的PIC、Ne、H′分别为0628、1721 6和0399 4。耐涝材料和涝敏感材料的Jaccard相似性系数分别在0462~0925和0398~0845之间,遗传相似性系数总体平均值接近,但耐涝材料的变化幅度更大。用类平均法(UPGMA)聚类将48份材料分成2个类群。其中,第Ⅰ类包含39个品种,第Ⅱ类包含9个品种。大多数材料之间的遗传相似性系数较高,表明陆地棉耐涝相关种质资源遗传基础狭窄。本结果可为棉花耐涝育种亲本选配和相关机理研究提供基础资料     

Enhanced nitrogen removal upon the addition of volatile fatty acids from activated sludge by combining calcium peroxide and low-thermal pretreatments

This study investigated a combined low-thermal and CaO₂ pretreatment to enhance the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from waste activated sludge (WAS). The fermentative product was added to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an external carbon source to enhance nitrogen removal. The results showed that the combined pretreatment improved WAS solubilization, releasing more biodegradable substrates, such as proteins and polysaccharides, from TB-EPS to LB-EPS and S-EPS. The maximum VFA production of 3529 ± 188 mg COD/L was obtained in the combined pretreatment (0.2 g CaO₂/g VS + 70 °C for 60 min), which was 2.1 and 1.4-fold of that obtained from the sole low-thermal pretreatment and the control test, respectively. Consequently, when the fermentative liquid was added as an external denitrification carbon source, the effluent total nitrogen decreased to Class A of the discharge standard for pollutants in rural wastewater treatment plants in most areas of China.