Identifying water resources management strategies in adaptation to climate change under uncertainty

In this study, an integrated simulation-based allocation modeling system (ISAMS) is developed for identifying water resources management strategies in response to climate change. The ISAMS incorporates global climate models (GCMs), a semi-distributed land use-based runoff process (SLURP) model, and a multistage interval-stochastic programming (MISP) approach within a general framework. The ISAMS can not only handle uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and interval values but also reveal climate change impacts on water resources allocation under different projections of GCMs. The ISAMS is then applied to the Kaidu-kongque watershed with cold arid characteristics in the Tarim River Basin (the largest inland watershed basin in China) for demonstrating its efficiency. Results reveal that different climate change models corresponding to various projections (e.g., precipitation and temperature) would lead to changed water resources allocation patterns. Variations in water availability and demand due to uncertainties could result in different water allocation targets and shortages. A variety of decision alternatives about water allocations adaptive to climate change are generated under combinations of different global climate models and ecological water release plans. These findings indicate that understanding the uncertainties in water resources system, building adaptive methods for generating sustainable water allocation patterns, and taking actions for mitigating water shortage problems are key adaptation strategies responding to climate change.     

流化床污泥干燥器床料的颗粒度对流化情况的影响

以上海白龙港污水处理厂流化床污泥干燥系统为研究对象,针对流化床污泥干燥器流化情况的好坏分析,在确定其它变量（流化风量、给料分配器转速、料层压差、运行负荷等）不变的情况下,对床料颗粒度的工艺参数进行研究实验,总结颗粒度的工艺参数对流化情况的运行变化规律,从而提高了流化床污泥干燥系统的稳定性、连续性和高效性。     

区域清洁生产评价模式探讨

区域清洁生产提供了有效解决地区性重大环境问题的途径。介绍了区域清洁生产理论基础之后,论述了区域清洁生产的实施模式,并建立了完整的经济环境评价模型,为区域清洁生产的实施提供了参考依据。     

Evaluation of soil washing process with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan for recovery of PAHs/heavy metals/fluorine from metallurgic plant site

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)/heavy metals/fluorine(F) mixed-contaminated sites caused by abandoned metallurgic plants are receiving wide attention. To address the associated environmental problems,this study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin(CMCD) and carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC) solution to enhance ex situ soil washing for extracting mixed contaminants. Further,Tenax extraction method was combined with a first-three-compartment model to evaluate the environmental risk of residual PAHs in washed soil. In addition,the redistribution of heavy metals/F after decontamination was also estimated using a sequential extraction procedure. Three successive washing cycles using50 g/L CMCD and 5 g/L CMC solution were effective to remove 94.3% of total PAHs,93.2% of Pb,85.8% of Cd,93.4% of Cr,83.2% of Ni and 97.3% of F simultaneously. After the 3rd washing,the residual PAHs mainly existed as very slowly desorbing fractions,which were in the form of well-aged,well-sequestered compounds; while the remaining Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni and F mainly existed as Fe–Mn oxide and residual fractions,which were always present in stable mineral forms or bound to non-labile soil fractions. Therefore,this combined cleanup strategy proved to be effective and environmentally friendly.     

工业废气中甲苯的生物降解研究

采用生物膜填料塔进行净化低浓度甲苯废气的研究结果表明，构成生物膜的假单胞菌属中的短杆菌对废气中甲苯有很强的生化降解能力，每升体积的生物膜填料对甲苯的生化去除量最大可达１０４．４ｍｇ／ｈ，且当入口气体甲苯浓度约低于２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，单塔净化效率可保持在８０％以上。反应级数的转换约在其液相浓度为０．８—１．２ｍｇ／Ｌ（相当于气相浓度约１．７—２．１ｍｇ／Ｌ）时发生。     

落实应急预案:提升环境应急能力

前段时间,一些地方相继发生安全生产事故,引发了松花江水污染等一系列重大的环境突发事件. 这些环境突发事件造成了严重的经济损失,引起社会各界甚至国际社会的普遍关注.     

海域有机污染物优先排序和风险分类模糊评判系统

本文提出了对区域性有机污染物优先排序和风险分类和定量评判系统：模糊评判系统。该评判系统以反映污染物的毒性，暴露水平和环境化学性质的７项碜数为指标，通过指标参数的标准化及模糊运算，获得有机污染优先排序和风险分类的定量结果。     

废旧线路板回收的污染防治技术综述

废旧线路板回收不仅能够解决电子废弃物迅速增长带来的环境污染问题,而且可以实现资源再生利用,是中国当前鼓励发展的行业。线路板回收过程也将不可避免的带来一定环境污染问题。中国企业现阶段常用的线路板回收工艺主要包括机械物理法、湿法冶金、火法冶金、热解法等。废旧线路板的回收工艺不同,污染物产生特点也不同,企业应根据线路板回收工艺有针对性的选择污染防治措施。线路板回收过程中产生的废渣再利用应成为今后研究的重点。     

EM菌强化SBR脱氮除磷的试验研究

重点讨论了有效微生物群（EM）在SBR反应器中对生活污水的TP，NH3－N和TN和TN的去除效昆，结果表明，当EM投加量（VEM／V污水）为1／1000－1／1000时，能显著提高SBR工艺对TP，NH3－N和TN的去除率和降解速度，具有节能降耗的优点，当EM投加量（VEM／V污水）在1／1000－5／1000范围内，TN的去除率随EM量的增加而逐渐提高。     

松花江佳木斯江段水环境质量变化状况及趋势分析研究

根据近十年来的松花江佳木斯江段水环境质量监测数据,介绍了松花江佳木斯江段水质现状,探讨了松花江佳木斯江段水质的主要污染物,从理化指标对松花江佳木斯江段水环境质量变化趋势进行了评价分析,分析结果表明：主要污染指标高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮、生化需氧量浓度值均有不同幅度的下降,2005年水质状况为轻度污染,2013年已达到良好水平.水环境质量呈规律性的逐年提高和改善,确保了松花江更好地休养生息.