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郑州大气氮氧化物污染与灰色分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对郑州市大气中NOx的监测和分析,初步揭示了NOx变化的规律。同时,运用灰色关联度分析,定量地分析了影响郑州市NOx变化的因素。并建立了该市的NOx产生量的GM(1,1)预测模型。结果表明:(1)影响NOx污染的主要因子是家庭用气普及率;(2)NOx在大气中的浓度呈逐年下降的趋势,2002年预测值为0.043mg/m^3。 相似文献
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An analytical solution for vertical transport of volatile chemicals in the vadose zone 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An analytical solution is presented for one-dimensional vertical transport of volatile chemicals through the vadose zone to groundwater. The solution accounts for the important transport mechanisms of the steady advection of water and gas, diffusion and dispersion in water and gas, as well as adsorption, and first-order degradation. By assuming a linear, equilibrium partitioning between water, gas and the adsorbed chemical phases, the dependent variable in the mathematical model becomes the total resident concentration. The general solution was derived for cases having a constant initial total concentration over a discrete depth interval and a zero initial total concentration elsewhere. A zero concentration gradient is assumed at the groundwater table. Examples are given to demonstrate the application of the new solution for calculating the case of a non-uniform initial source concentration, and estimating the transport of chemicals to the groundwater and the atmosphere. The solution was also used to verify a numerical code called VLEACH. We discovered an error in VLEACH, and found that the new solution agreed very well with the numerical results by corrected VLEACH. A simplified solution to predict the migration of volatile organic chemical due to the gas density effect has shown that a high source concentration may lead to significant downward advective gas-phase transport in a soil with a high air-permeability. 相似文献
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In the present study, a hydrophilic bifunctional polymeric resin (LS-2) with sulfonic groups was synthesized, and the adsorption performance of three aniline compounds, aniline, 4-methylaniline, and 4-nitroaniline onto LS-2 was compared with that on the commercial Amberlite XAD-4. The uptake of the aniline compounds on LS-2 is a procedure of coexistence of physisorption and chemisorption and obeys the pseudo-second order rate equation, while the uptake of the compounds on XAD-4 is merely a physical adsorption and follows the pseudo-first order rate equation. All the isothermal data fit well with the Freundlich model, and the values of K(F) of the compounds adsorbing on LS-2 are much higher than those on XAD-4 suggesting the higher adsorbing capacities on LS-2 than those on XAD-4, which may be attributed to the microporous structure and the polar groups on the network of LS-2 resin. Dynamic adsorption and desorption studies for aniline on LS-2 show that the breakthrough adsorption capacity and the total adsorption capacity are 0.96 and 1.24 mmol per milliliter resin, respectively. Nearly 100% regeneration efficiency for the adsorbent was achieved by 5% hydrochloric acid. 相似文献
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Studies on applying the photochemical UV/TiO2 oxidation process to treat the lignin-containing wastewater for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), color and reducing A254 (the absorption at the wavelength of 254 nm) have been carried out. The data obtained in this study demonstrate that the UV/TiO2 process is effective in oxidizing the lignin thus reducing the color and DOC of the wastewater treated. The combined UV/TiO2 treatment can achieve better removal of DOC and color than the UV treatment alone. Color removal, based on American Dye Manufacture Index (ADMI) measurement, is greater than 99% if the pH is maintained at 3.0 with the addition of 1 g l(-1) TiO2. When 10 g l(-1) TiO2 is applied, the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value is reached to result in an 88% removal of both DOC and color. A model was developed based on the variation of ORP during the photochemical reaction to simulate the decoloring process. The proposed model can be used to predict the color removal efficiency of the UV/TiO2 process. 相似文献
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对比了过氧化氢(H2O2)、高铁酸钾(K2FeO4)和过碳酸钠(Na2CO4)3种氧化剂对自然水体中群体蓝藻生长和光合活性的影响.结果发现,3种氧化剂对蓝藻均有快速的抑制效应,且随着氧化剂浓度的增加抑制效果增强.相同氧化剂浓度下,H2O2对水华蓝藻的去除能力强于K2FeO4和Na2CO4,对蓝藻光合系统Ⅱ的最大光量子产量(Fv/Fm)和有效光量子产量(Fv'/Fm')的抑制效果也更显著.H2O2对不同浓度水华蓝藻的控制实验结果表明,初始藻细胞浓度对H2O2控藻效果影响较大,细胞密度越大,H2O2降解率增加,抑藻效果急剧下降.当初始藻密度为10μg/L和100μg/L,5mg/L H2O2的48h降解率分别为64.9%和97.5%,对藻细胞Fv/Fm的抑制率分别为10%和1%.因此,实施H2O2控制蓝藻水华的措施应该尽量在蓝藻水华形成早期,即藻密度较低的时候使用. 相似文献
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为研究生物质材料的脱硝性能,利用木质素与纤维素2种生物质基活性炭作为还原剂,用碱金属与过渡金属作为催化活性相,制备了一系列生物质基活性炭负载金属催化剂用于富氧环境中催化还原NOx,考察了生物质原料种类、炭化温度以及催化剂组分对脱硝效率的影响.结果表明:①当反应温度低于250℃时,炭表面主要是NOx的吸附过程;而当反应温度高于250℃时,炭还原NOx行为占主导,并伴随N2、CO2与CO的生成.炭化温度对炭反应活性的影响主要依赖于炭化温度对炭材料表面含氧官能团、比表面积以及炭表面金属还原性的影响.②研究中考察的金属(K、Cu、Fe、Ni)均对还原NOx与O2有催化作用,其中,K对C-NOx反应具有明显促进作用,但对C-O2反应并无明显促进作用,所有样品中SAC-K的选择性因子为0.56,对还原NOx的选择性最高,且恒温反应过程NOx还原量(以C计)达到了1 293 μmol/g.③与传统煤基活性炭催化剂相比,木屑基活性炭负载钾催化剂表现出了优良的NOx还原选择性;X-射线光电子表征结果显示,木屑基活性炭负载钾催化剂优良的性能与其表面钾活性相的高度分散有关.研究显示,相比于煤基炭材料,生物质基炭材料具有更加优异的选择性还原NOx性能. 相似文献