Adsorption of chlorophenols from aqueous solutions by pristine and surface functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes

The adsorption of six kinds of chlorophenols on pristine, hydroxylated and carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) has been investigated. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were used to describe the kinetic data. All adsorption isotherms were well fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich and Polanyi–Manes models, due to surface adsorption dominating the adsorption process. The close linear relationship between log Kowand log Kdsuggested that hydrophobicity played an important role in the adsorption. The SWCNTs' adsorption capacity for chlorophenols was weakened by addition of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, due to the loss of specific surface area, the increase of hydrophilicity and the reduction of π–π interaction. The best adsorption capacity of pristine SWCNTs, SWCNT-OH and SWCNT-COOH for six chlorophenols varied from 19 to 84 mg/g, from 19 to 65 mg/g and from 17 to 65 mg/g,respectively. The effect of pH on the adsorption of 2,6-dichlorophenol(2,6-DCP), was also studied. When p H is over the pK aof 2,6-dichlorophenol(2,6-DCP), its removal dropped sharply. When ionic strength increased(Na Cl or KCl concentration from 0 to 0.02 mmol/L),the adsorption capacity of 2,6-DCP on pristine SWCNTs decreased slightly. The comparison of chlorophenols adsorption by SWCNTs, MWCNTs and PAC was made, indicating that the adsorption rate of CNTs was much faster than that of PAC. The results provide useful information about the feasibility of SWCNTs as an adsorbent to remove chlorophenols from aqueous solutions.     

芳香烃含量对直喷汽油机颗粒物排放影响的试验研究

在一台增压中冷缸内直喷(GDI)汽油机上,开展了不同芳香烃含量的汽油对发动机颗粒物粒径分布和数量浓度影响的研究.结果表明,在正常热机工况下,随着负荷增加,核态颗粒物增加明显,颗粒物排放逐渐由三峰分布演变为双峰分布,并且芳烃含量高时,颗粒物排放明显增多.冷机工况及冷怠速时,芳烃含量对颗粒物的排放影响较小.和冷怠速相比,热怠速时颗粒物向小粒径方向移动,且颗粒物数量减少.热怠速时高芳烃含量的汽油排气中颗粒物相对较多.不同芳烃含量下,发动机参数对颗粒物排放会有一定影响,重芳烃含量高的汽油其颗粒物排放也高.     

Distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in bottom ash derived from high-germanium coals

The radioactivity of uranium in radioactive coal bottom ash(CBA) may be a potential danger to the ambient environment and human health. Concerning the limited research on the distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in CBA, we herein report our investigations into this topic using a number of techniques including a five-step Tessier sequential extraction, hydrogen fluoride(HF) leaching, Siroquant(Rietveld) quantification, magnetic separation, and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA). The Tessier sequential extraction showed that the uranium in the residual and Fe–Mn oxide fractions was dominant(59.1%and 34.9%, respectively). The former was mainly incorporated into aluminosilicates,retained with glass and cristobalite, whereas the latter was especially enriched in the magnetic fraction, of which about 50% was present with magnetite(Fe_3O_4) and the rest in other iron oxides. In addition, the uranium in the magnetic fraction was 2.6 times that in the non-magnetic fraction. The experimental findings in this work may be important for establishing an effective strategy to reduce radioactivity from CBA for the protection of our local environment.     

赤泥强化型河岸带模拟系统对再生水中磷去除效果的研究

为了探讨不同比例赤泥施入量对再生水磷去除效果的影响以及植物在再生水净化过程的作用,利用赤泥中富含钙、铁、铝等金属氧化物对磷具有较强吸附性能的特点,构建了室内赤泥强化型河岸带模拟系统.结果表明,赤泥最适施入质量分数为2.5%～5.0%,此时TP去除率为82%～76%,出水磷浓度约为0.22～0.29 mg/L,SRP/TP比值为74%～75%.当赤泥施入量为2.5%时,相比无植物系统,有植物系统的磷净化效率提高了4%,约为86%,出水磷浓度为0.17mg/L.这些结果表明赤泥可以适当比例直接掺混于河岸带的土壤中,这为其提高对再生水中磷的去除能力提供了一种新途径.     

稀土元素与辣根过氧化物酶相互作用机理的论述

叙述了稀土元素的化学结构及其在农业方面的应用,系统介绍了植物辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的结构及其在植物体内的功能,并以重稀土元素Tb(Ⅲ)为例,通过探讨其对HRP的酶活和生态毒理效应等影响的研究,对两者相互作用的可能性机理进行了研究。     

美军电磁环境效应(E3)实验室建设浅析

对美军E3实验室建设情况进行了介绍,重点对美国海军航空作战中心及美国海军水面作战中心达尔格伦分部的E3实验室建设进行了介绍和剖析,对美军E3实验室试验设施进行了总结,分析了美军E3实验室建设的特点,有利于深刻认识美军E3实验室建设的发展状况,对我国E3实验室建设有一定的启示作用.     

山地区生态承载力计算及提升对策研究——以重庆市渝北区为例

山地区生态环境比较脆弱,在经济社会发展的影响下,山地区的生态承载力呈不断下降的趋势。本文在论述生态承载力内涵和计算方法的基拙上,以2008年《重庆统计年鉴》、2008年《重庆渝北统计年鉴》以及2007年渝北区土地利用现状数据为依据,对重庆市渝北区2007年的生态足迹和生态承载力进行了计算与分析,并进一步分析了山地区土地生态赤字产生的原因,包括人口多,坡地多,土壤和大气污染严重等,提出了控制人口数量和质量、大力发展山地区生态农业、优化能源结构等相应的对策。     

施用牛粪肥和复混肥对碳酸盐岩试片溶蚀作用影响的室内模拟研究

农业施肥影响土壤的理化性质,影响土壤碳酸盐风化动力学,以至影响碳循环系统。本研究通过土柱模拟试验,结合底部埋置碳酸盐岩试片,依据淋滤液的水化学对比分析,研究了施用牛粪肥及复混肥对土下碳酸盐岩试片溶蚀作用的影响。结果表明,施用牛粪肥后,淋滤液中的HCO-3、C1^～、NH4＋、耗氧量（COD）、K＋、Ca2＋、Mg＋、N...     

浅谈地下水净化厂除铁除锰试验及应用

通过对齐齐哈尔市自来水公司铁锋水厂除铁、锰工艺的分析,得出曝气接触氧化除铁、锰是一种好方法.     

疏水性超高交联吸附树脂对氯代烃蒸气的固定床吸附特性研究

采用固定床吸附法研究了三氯乙烯（TCE）、 1,2-二氯乙烷（DCE）和三氯甲烷（TCM）共3种氯代烃类蒸气在疏水性超高交联吸附树脂LC-1上的动态吸附行为.结果表明, TCE、 DCE和TCM蒸气的初始浓度、 气体流速和吸附温度均会影响动态吸附过程,随着初始浓度、 气体流速和吸附温度的增大,穿透时间变短,传质区长度增大,其中气体流速的影响最大;采用半经验数学模型Yoon-Nelson模型对吸附穿透实验数据进行拟合,拟合相关性系数R²≥0.994.