Embryonic exposure to low concentration of bisphenol A affects the development of Oryzias melastigma larvae

The prevalence of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment has attracted increasing attention because of the toxicity of this manmade pollutant. However, the toxicity related to cardiac development remains largely unknown. In the present paper, we investigated the cardiac toxicity of BPA using marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos. At 2?days postfertilization (dpf), the embryos were continuously exposed to a low concentration of BPA (200?μg/L) for the whole embryonic stage. Heart rate and sinus venosus (SV)-bulbus arteriosus (BA) distance were measured under microscopy. The mRNA expression levels of genes were quantified by SYBR real-time RT-PCR, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to examine the histology of fish larvae hearts. Neither the heart rate nor the SV-BA distance of the embryos was affected by BPA exposure. However, the mRNA expression levels of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, BMP4, COX-1, FGF8, GATA4, and NKX2.5 were all downregulated at the critical developmental stages (6 and 10?dpf). Interestingly, the mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and LERP were significantly upregulated at 10?dpf. The mRNA expressions of inflammation-related genes (TNFα, IL1β, SOD, and CCL11) were all significantly upregulated after exposure. Moreover, we found that both the body length and the body width decreased in the larvae after embryonic exposure to BPA. The distributed foci of inflammation were observed in the juveniles after 2?weeks' depuration. Exposure to BPA at embryonic stages could alter the expression of heart development-related genes and inflammation-related genes of O. melastigma. The larvae hatched from exposed embryos showed the foci of inflammation in the heart ventricles and the decrease of the body length and width.     

预氯化工艺去除水中氰化物、硫化物及水合肼等还原性污染物研究

以较常见的预氯化为技术手段,考察了预氯化工艺去除饮用水中氰化物、硫化物以及水合肼等还原性污染物的效果和影响因素.结果表明:(1)实验条件下氰化物浓度随有效氯投加量的增加而下降,并在有效氯投加量＞5.0 mg/L时降低到低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)中限值(0.05mg/L),在有效氯投加量＞6.0...     

粉煤灰聚苯乙烯新型保温建筑材料的制备及其机理分析

以石灰、石膏作为粉煤灰活性激发剂,用废弃聚苯乙烯颗粒(EPS)作为保温成分,通过优化配比,研制新型节能环保墙体砌块材料,分析了砌块材料的水化机理。XRD（X射线衍射）、TGA-DTA（热重-差热分析）和SEM（扫描电子显微镜）分析证实：当粉煤灰掺量为20%~25%、EPS为2.5%时,保温砌块材料的施工及保温性良好,耐久与耐候性能优良。     

改性沸石吸附低浓度氨氮废水及其脱附的研究

采用氯化钠溶液对浙江某地天然沸石改性,以低浓度氨氮废水为处理对象,比较了天然沸石和改性沸石的吸附等温线、吸附动力学和动态吸附,并进行了改性沸石的动态脱附研究.结果表明,沸石的平衡吸附量随着平衡浓度的增大而增大;Freundlich方程比Langmuir方程更好地描述沸石吸附低浓度氨氮废水的行为,改性沸石比天然沸石具有更...     

络合凝胶法合成Al掺杂纳米ZnO及其光催化性能

氧化锌(ZnO)纳米粉体是一种重要的可用来降解有机污染物的光催化剂。然而,纯的ZnO仅仅能够吸收紫外光和部分可见光,不能够充分利用太阳光。采用了一种络合凝胶法来合成掺杂Al的ZnO纳米粉体。所制备出来的纳米颗粒尺寸在20～50 nm之间,它不仅对波长范围在200～400 rm之间的紫外光有很强的吸收,而且对波长范围在4...     

The use of failure mode and effects analysis to construct an effective disposal and prevention mechanism for infectious hospital waste

In recent times, the quality of medical care has been continuously improving in medical institutions wherein patient-centred care has been emphasized. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) has also been promoted as a method of basic risk management and as part of total quality management (TQM) for improving the quality of medical care and preventing mistakes. Therefore, a study was conducted using FMEA to evaluate the potential risk causes in the process of infectious medical waste disposal, devise standard procedures concerning the waste, and propose feasible plans for facilitating the detection of exceptional cases of infectious waste. The analysis revealed the following results regarding medical institutions: (a) FMEA can be used to identify the risk factors of infectious waste disposal. (b) During the infectious waste disposal process, six items were scored over 100 in the assessment of uncontrolled risks: erroneous discarding of infectious waste by patients and their families, erroneous discarding by nursing staff, erroneous discarding by medical staff, cleaning drivers pierced by sharp articles, cleaning staff pierced by sharp articles, and unmarked output units. Therefore, the study concluded that it was necessary to (1) provide education and training about waste classification to the medical staff, patients and their families, nursing staff, and cleaning staff; (2) clarify the signs of caution; and (3) evaluate the failure mode and strengthen the effects.     

Approaches to eliminate waste and reduce cost for recycling glass

In recent years, the issue of environmental protection has received considerable attention. This paper adds to the literature by investigating a scheduling problem in the manufacturing of a glass recycling factory in Taiwan. The objective is to minimize the sum of the total holding cost and loss cost. We first represent the problem as an integer programming (IP) model, and then develop two heuristics based on the IP model to find near-optimal solutions for the problem. To validate the proposed heuristics, comparisons between optimal solutions from the IP model and solutions from the current method are conducted. The comparisons involve two problem sizes, small and large, where the small problems range from 15 to 45 jobs, and the large problems from 50 to 100 jobs. Finally, a genetic algorithm is applied to evaluate the proposed heuristics. Computational experiments show that the proposed heuristics can find good solutions in a reasonable time for the considered problem.     

安全规划的方法学综述与研究

安全规划是一个复杂动态系统的运行过程,对其方法学进行分析思考有助于探索安全规划方法的统一体系。在国内外有关安全规划研究的基础上,给出了安全规划的定义及一般特点,建立了安全规划的一般程序,包括安全规划的指导思想、基本方针、基本原则、目标及内容等。基于现有的系统工程方法论,探讨了安全规划的方法学及理论基础。最后,综述了现有安全规划的具体方法,包括安全距离法、基于后果法及基于风险法,并对该3种方法进行了比较及评价。可供安全科学与工程学科研究参考。     

Fe2O3-Cr2O3/TiO2系列催化剂的结构和脱硝性能

研究以纳米TiO2为载体,浸渍负载过渡金属氧化物,以CO为还原剂的脱硝催化剂的脱硝性能。实验中以计算量的Ni（NO3）2和Fe（NO3）3混合溶液浸渍纳米TiO2粉末,室温下搅拌30 min至混合均匀,放入旋转蒸发器中,70℃下至水分蒸干为止;所得粉末在550℃下、空气气氛中焙烧4 h即得所需催化剂。用以上方法分别制备2%Fe2O3-10%Cr2O3/TiO2、4%Fe2O3-8%Cr2O3/TiO2、6%Fe2O3-6%Cr2O3/TiO2、8%Fe2O3-4%Cr2O3/TiO2与10%Fe2O3-2%Cr2O3/TiO2等5种催化剂样品。实验结果表明,制备的催化剂具有较好的结构,分散较为均匀。对于CO＋NO反应,Fe2O3-Cr2O3/TiO2系列催化剂具有较好的催化活性,NO的转化率都达到了100%。其中,10%Fe2O3-2%Cr2O3/TiO2样品具有最好的低温活性,H2-TPR结果表明,这是由于10%Fe2O3-2%Cr2O3/TiO2催化剂更易于被CO预还原。     

Comparison of the cytotoxic responses of Escherichia coli (E. coli) AMC 198 to different fullerene suspensions (nC60)

Fullerenes are set to be produced on an industrial scale in anticipation of their wide applications. This calls for research on their environmental and health impacts. This study investigates and compares the cell toxicity of different aqueous fullerene aggregates. Popular C₆₀ dispersal methods were used to prepare four types of nC₆₀ aggregates. These aggregates were tested against the indicator species Escherichia coli (E. coli) AMC 198. With aggregates of around 150 nm in diameter, the THF/nC₆₀ suspension was very toxic and gave rise to a half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) of 0.54 mg L⁻¹ in E. coli. By contrast, the Tol/nC₆₀ suspension exhibited a cytoprotective role while the Aqu-N₂/nC₆₀ and Aqu-O₂/nC₆₀ suspensions enhanced the metabolism of E. coli. Although some toxicants, such as THF and THF-peroxide, were introduced into the THF/nC₆₀ suspension during the dispersion, the toxicity of nC₆₀ itself cannot be neglected.