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121.
东海泥质区表层沉积物中有机氯农药的分布   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
以GC/ECD内标法定量测定了东海近岸泥质区、远岸济州岛西南泥质区和冲绳海槽共19个表层沉积物样中21种有机氯农药的含量.结果表明,有机氯农药在所有样品中均有检出,东海泥质区已有人类污染物的明显记录.研究区平均总有机氯农药分布特征为沿岸泥质区南部>沿岸泥质区北部>冲绳海槽>济州岛西南泥质区.冲绳海槽中HCHs含量高且其分布特征显著区别于陆架泥质区,显示该区域这一污染物源可能与陆架区有所不同.(DDD+DDE)/DDT比值显示东海泥质区DDT类农药的污染物还比较新.与国内其他地区沉积物中有机氯农药含量相比,东海泥质区有机氯农药污染属较低水平.  相似文献   
122.
黄骅港三期是单个容量3万吨共24座筒仓的超大型群仓储煤系统,储煤主要来自神华集团所属煤矿,少部分为外购协作煤,多属易自燃煤种。为更有效控制火灾隐患,通过工艺流程分析及危险因素提取,试运营期间数据分析等,研究了致使煤体高温的危险因素和对策。发现运输过程中出现因雨淋而产生润湿热,因粉尘积聚发热的危险;筒仓储煤曾出现数天内温度从10℃升高到45℃,筒仓内有毒有害气体可能超限的危险;输煤皮带可能跑偏引起摩擦生热的危险等。试运营期间针对性采取了喷洒抑尘剂,设置警报系统及检测装置,加强皮带机监控和管理等安全措施。  相似文献   
123.
氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定饮用水中的铅   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过改变仪器条件及试剂配比进行优选实验,利用原子荧光光谱法测定饮用水中的铅可知:铅的检出限是0.020μg/L,能够满足GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》的要求;同时原子荧光光谱仪分析样品灵敏度高、重现性好、干扰少、操作简便、分析快捷,测定样品的准确度和精密度均能达到质量控制要求。  相似文献   
124.
A range of organochlorinated compounds have been consumed in China, India and the countries of mainland southeast Asia (MSA). Considering their persistence in the environment and ability in long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT), the potential outflow of these compounds from this region is therefore of great concern in the context of the global distribution of toxic chemicals. As part of a monitoring campaign aimed at investigating the LRAT of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from southern China, MSA and northern India, atmospheric levels of OCPs and PCBs were measured once a week from October 2005 through December 2006 at Tengchong Mountain (TM), a remote site located in south-western China. The average concentrations of OCPs were found to be higher than those in other remote stations in the Arctic and the Tibetan plateau, except for α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH). A high level of β-HCH and low α-HCH/β-HCH ratio was attributed to an accidental release of β-HCH from unknown sources, besides obvious evidence of lindane (γ-HCH) and technical HCH usage. Temporal variations of chlordanes and endosulfan were related to the usage pattern of these compounds, as well as LRAT. In contrast, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exhibited a relatively minor seasonal variation. The OCP levels at the monitoring site were found to be related to the air parcel back trajectories on the basis of four distinct clusters. Elevated levels of HCHs and DDTs were observed when air parcels originated from northern India where considerable OCP usage was reported recently, while high levels of γ-HCH and TC (trans-chlordane) were mainly associated with air masses from southern China and northern MSA. The study highlighted the high background level of OCPs as well as their temporal patterns of trans-boundary LRAT in the MSA region.  相似文献   
125.
62 riverine and marine sediments were collected from the Laizhou Bay area, where the largest manufacturing base of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in Asia is located. Eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed to investigate the impact of rapidly-developed bromine industries on the regional aquatic system. PBDE concentrations varied largely in riverine sediments. Σ(7)PBDEs (including BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154 and 183) and BDE 209 ranged from 0.01 to 53 ng g(-1) dw and from 0.74 to 285 ng g(-1) dw with a mean value of 4.5 ng g(-1) dw and 54 ng g(-1) dw, respectively, indicating a strong influence of direct pollution discharges from local factories. In marine sediments, Σ(7)PBDEs and BDE 209 ranged from not detected (nd) to 0.66 ng g(-1) dw and from 0.66 to 12 ng g(-1) dw with a mean value of 0.32 ng g(-1) dw and 5.1 ng g(-1) dw, respectively. PBDE concentrations were mostly <10 ng g(-1) dw for Σ(7)PBDEs and <50 ng g(-1) dw for BDE 209, which are at a relatively low level for monitored riverine and coastal sediments around the world. Even at the most contaminated sites in Laizhou Bay area, PBDE concentrations were not among the highest concentrations reported in the literature. Congener compositions were dominated by BDE 209 (57.2-99.9% of the sum of BDE congeners), with minor contributions from penta- and octa-BDE products. Tri- to octa-BDE congeners were well correlated among each other (r > 0.75) and thus sources from similar mixing of penta- and octa-BDE products were suggested in this area. Compared with riverine sediments, a much better correlation between PBDE concentrations with TOC was observed in marine environment. The congener pattern changed and their correlation coefficients among each other were remarkably reduced. Contributions of BDE 28, 47 and 99 to Σ(7)PBDEs were generally the same in almost all the marine sites, while it was distinctively higher for BDE 153. These are probably attributable to several reasons, such as contributions by atmospheric deposition and/or redistribution between particles of various sizes during and/or after fluvial transportation combined with the difference of physiochemical properties of BDE congeners.  相似文献   
126.
为控制虫害农业上大量使用硫丹,因此硫丹可通过多种途径进入水环境中.养殖环境和水产品中已发现硫丹残留,这给养殖环境和食品安全造成潜在威胁.通过半静态试验方法测定了罗非鱼和草鱼的半致死浓度,并估算了其在水环境中的安全浓度.结果表明,罗非鱼和草鱼的半致死浓度分别为1.97(1.26 -2.87) μg·L-1和2.33(1....  相似文献   
127.
This paper empirically examines variations and changes in manufacturing concentration and their determinants in China over the 1980-2003 period with a sample of 26 industries. The analysis indicates that average industrial concentration has increased during the 1990s. Studies show that scale economies and industry policies are important determinants for industries geographical concentration; factor endowments and the location of foreign direct investment are also found to have a positive effect on concentration.  相似文献   
128.
通过将水样酸化后转化成硫化氢,用氮气带出,被含有定量且过量的铜离子吸收液吸收。分离沉淀后,通过测定上清液中剩余的铜离子,对硫进行间接定量。方法检出限为0.2 mg·L^-1,对实际水样进行分析,加标回收率在90%~95%之间,结果令人满意。  相似文献   
129.
利用1954~2008年街阳8个地面气象观测站数据,对其年代际间曲线和气侯趋势系数进行综合分析,结果表明:衡阳冰冻的年代际间变化经历了上世纪70年代的活跃期,50、90年代的低谷期,目前向正常方向发展.年平均出现冰冻24.5站次,冰冻多发年的出现机率有所加大,但仍处于较低水平.1月中旬~2月上旬是冰冻相对集中时段,其中1月下旬是全年出现冰冻最多旬,而该旬并非气温最低时段.形成冰冻的有利条件是日平均气温0~-1℃,小~中等降雨(雪)过程,日平均风速5.0 m/s以下.衡阳的冰冻发生存在地域性特点,自北向南逐渐减少.轻度冰冻、中等冰冻和重度冰冻各占69.3%、25.4%和5.3%.  相似文献   
130.
珠江口及南海近海海域大气多环芳烃分布特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
分冬、春两次航次分别采集了珠江口及南海近海海域大气气溶胶样品和气相样品,同时以广州和中山作为陆基对照点,对16种EPA优控多环芳烃进行了分析.结果表明,大气PAHs主要以气态化合物为主,总PAHs(气态+颗粒态)的含量范围为49.6~256.6 ng/m3,平均120.7 ng/m3.珠江口海域大气颗粒态多环芳烃季节变化显著,冬、春航次大气颗粒态多环芳烃的含量分别为6.7~18.0 ng/m3和0.4~5.1 ng/m3,冬季航次期间大气颗粒态PAHs含量的高值主要源于大陆气流对城市群大气PAHs污染的输送,另外干冷的季节亦有利于PAHs向颗粒态的富集.与此相反,气态多环芳烃含量的季节差异不明显.在冬季,随东北季风携带的城市粉尘可以将大气中的气态PAHs捕获,而春季航次的大气PAHs主要来源于西太平洋地区的远程输送和PAHs的海-气交换作用.认为受控于季风活动的水、热因子组合特征,是影响珠江口海域大气PAHs含量与分布的主导因素.  相似文献   
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