湛江市寸金公园鸟类多样性与管理建议

2006年12月、2007年1—4月对湛江市寸金公园的鸟类资源状况进行了初步的研究,共记录到鸟类16种,隶属4目10科。其中,雀形目鸟类最多,共7科11种,约占总数的69%;其次为佛法僧目1科2种,约占总数的12.5%;鸡形目和鹃形目各1科1种,约占总数的6.25%。其中有国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类1种,占总数的6.25%。此外,属国家林业局发布的"国家重点保护的有益、有经济价值或有科学研究价值的动物"的鸟类7种,占总数的43.75%;被纳入省级重点保护鸟类的有2种,占总数12.6%;被纳入中澳候鸟协定鸟类的有1种,占总数的6.25%。     

红原县1#泥炭腐植酸主要性质研究

从红原县1#泥炭中提取腐植酸,测定了其E4／E6值和凝聚限度,讨论了腐植酸的分子结构特征、化学活性、改性、吸附性能、胶溶和胶凝,介绍了腐植酸的主要用途。     

北京旅游景区游客满意度及其影响因素分析

基于对北京3个重点景区游客的随机问卷调查,借鉴国内外已有的顾客满意度评价模型,构建了城市游客满意度测评模型,并利用SPSS11.5和AMOS5统计软件对北京旅游景点游客满意度进行了测算与评价。结果表明,北京游客综合满意度为69.23,水平还较低;游客的忠诚度较高,游客抱怨度较低;游客满意度主要受感知质量和景区形象影响,较低的感知质量直接导致了较低水平的游客满意度;游览安排和景区特色对感知质量有显著影响。今后,北京应加强景区特色的构建和游客投诉管理,规划更为合理的游览安排,提高社会服务水平,为游客提供“零缺陷”的旅游产品。     

生态养生旅游产品开发初探

生态养生旅游是一种以生态环境为背景、休闲养生活动为主题的专项旅游产品。中国城市化的发展、人口老龄化的加剧,使国人对康体保健旅游产品需求和生态养生旅游市场需求越来越旺盛,开发前景极为广阔,但目前学术界在这方面的研究还不多。在分析生态养生旅游产品市场的基础上,探究其开发的原则和方法。     

红原县1#泥炭腐植酸促进水稻生长的初步试验

在考察腐植酸促进水稻生长的活性时,必须辅以植物所需要的营养——无机元素。试制了有机一无机复混肥,以此对水稻进行了浸种＋叶面喷施的田间试验。试验结果表明,浸种的增产效果为8．89％,浸种＋叶面喷施的增产效果为15．34％,增产效果非常显著。     

城市形象理论研究述评

近年来,一些学者和实践者开始关注城市形象问题,城市形象定位理论、城市形象塑造理论研究取得大量卓越的成果,但城市形象研究在理论、逻辑、方法和实践中还存在许多不足之处。尝试性地提出城市形象定位的若干原则。     

Integrated Modular Modeling of Water and Nutrients From Point and Nonpoint Sources in the Patuxent River Watershed1

Abstract: We present a simple modular landscape simulation model that is based on a watershed modeling framework in which different sets of processes occurring in a watershed can be simulated separately with different models. The model consists of three loosely coupled submodels: a rainfall‐runoff model (TOPMODEL) for runoff generation in a subwatershed, a nutrient model for estimation of nutrients from nonpoint sources in a subwatershed, and a stream network model for integration of point and nonpoint sources in the routing process. The model performance was evaluated using monitoring data in the watershed of the Patuxent River, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland, from July 1997 through August 1999. Despite its simplicity, the landscape model predictions of streamflow, and sediment and nutrient loads were as good as or better than those of the Hydrological Simulation Program‐Fortran model, one of the most widely used comprehensive watershed models. The landscape model was applied to predict discharges of water, sediment, silicate, organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, organic phosphorus, phosphate, and total phosphorus from the Patuxent watershed to its estuary. The predicted annual water discharge to the estuary was very close to the measured annual total in terms of percent errors for both years of the study period (≤2%). The model predictions for loads of nutrients were also good (20‐30%) or very good (<20%) with exceptions of sediment (40%), phosphate (36%), and organic carbon (53%) for Year 1.     

Anaerobic degradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in sludge

Anaerobic biodegradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) was investigated. Results showed that terminal electron acceptors, organic matters, initial concentration, and temperature had great influence on the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs. Anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs could be enhanced by adding sulfate or nitrate while this process could be inhibited by adding organic matters. The maximum removal rate increased 1.24 microM d(-1) for each ten micromoles increase in initial concentration. The decrease in temperature caused a sharp decrease in the removal efficiency of NPEOs. The temperature coefficient (PHI) for the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs was 0.01 degrees C(-1). Nonylphenol (NP), the typical intermediate of NPEOs, could inhibit the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs only at high concentration. However, these environmental factors had no effect on the anaerobic biodegradation pathway of NPEOs. The accumulation of NP and short-chain NPEOs during NPEO biodegradation led to a significant increase in the estrogenic activity during the biodegradation period.     

Influence of clay minerals on the reduction of Cr6+ by citric acid

The influence of clay minerals on the reduction of Cr6+ by citric acid was investigated at pH values 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 at 25 degrees C. The results indicate that montmorillonite and illite greatly accelerate the reduction reactions at pH 4.0 and 4.5, but their effects are dramatically reduced at pH 5.0. The role of clay minerals in accelerating the reactions is in the order: illite>montmorillonite>kaolinite, which has a positive correlation with the amount of Mn2+ adsorbed on the surfaces of these minerals. With light, Fe(3+) also significantly increases reaction rates. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) greatly suppresses the acceleration of the reduction reactions by these minerals, indicating that EDTA competes with citric acid for Mn2+. Thus, the formation of complexes between Mn(2+) and citric acid could be a prerequisite for the acceleration of the reductions of Cr6+ by clay minerals. In addition, there is no relationship between the specific surface area of clay minerals and the reduction rate of Cr6+ by citric acid.     

Evaluation of an electrolysis apparatus for inactivating antineoplastics in clinical wastewater

We recently reported a system for inactivating antineoplastics in which sodium hypochlorite is supplied by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. In this study, we designed an electrolysis apparatus for inactivating the cytotoxicity of antineoplastics in clinical wastewater using the system. The apparatus consists of an electrolysis cell with platinum-iridium electrodes, a pool tank, a circulating system for wastewater, a safety system for explosive gas and overflow, and an exhaust duct. The free chlorine concentration increased linearly up to 6500 mg l(-1), and pH also increased to 9.0-10.0 within 2h, when 0.9% sodium chloride solution was electrolyzed. We examined its efficacy with model and clinical wastewaters. The reciprocal of dilution factor for disappearance of cytotoxicity using Molt-4 cells was compared before and after electrolysis. In the model wastewater, that was 9.10 x 10(4) before electrolysis, and 3.56 x 10(2) after 2h of electrolysis. In the clinical wastewater (n=26), that was 6.90 x 10(3)-1.02 x 10(6) before electrolysis, and 1.08 x 10(2)-1.45 x 10(4) after 2h of electrolysis. Poisonous and explosive gases released by the electrolysis were measured; however, they were found to be negligible in terms of safety. The environmental load was evaluated by carbon dioxide generation as an index and it was found that the carbon dioxide generated by the electrolysis method was 1/70 lower than that by the dilution method with tap water. Moreover, the cost of the electrolysis method was 1/170 lower than that of the dilution method. This method was found to be both effective and economically valuable.