生活污水再生回用试验研究

分散式生活污水处理与回用可以大大提高水资源的利用效率,本试验设计的一套新的污水处理系统,利用生物质吸附塔和人工湿地相结合的方法处理生活污水,对生活污水有着很好的处理效果,出水水质稳定,并且各指标均达到了城市杂用水的水质标准,在整个污水处理过程中无二次污染,做到了清洁生产。     

太湖流域分散农村居民对生活垃圾的产生和处理认知分析

本文通过问卷调查的方式考察了太湖流域分散农村居民对政府免费实施"村收集、乡转运、县处理"的收集清运垃圾模式和未来生活垃圾处置收费的认可度,获得了太湖地区分散农村居民对生活垃圾处置现状的认知度,结果表明:农村居民对生活垃圾收费制度的认可程度低,对有害垃圾的处置缺乏必要的认识;被调查者受教育程度与垃圾分类(P0.01)、危险废物分离(P0.01)和垃圾危害的认知程度(P0.05)呈显著正相关关系;垃圾付费选项中,被调查者不愿意支付费用的占53.2%,仅有26.2%的被调查者愿意支出1~3元/月;对现有的政府免费收集清运垃圾模式认可程度高达94%以上。该研究结果对促进太湖流域农村生活垃圾的资源化与减量化管理具有重要的战略意义。     

大学校园土壤中重金属污染研究

为研究大学校园土壤中重金属污染的状况,在西部某高校校园中选取10个采样点,分别采集了表层和下层土样,分析测定了土样中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr四种重金属的含量。实验采用了微波消解、火焰原子吸收分光光度法对土样进行测定。结果表明待测校园土壤中重金属含量目前处于安全的范围,但大学,尤其是高等科研院校,应妥善处理科研试验过程中产生的污染物,为大学学生提供一个安全的大学校园环境。     

宝鸡市大庆路声环境质量模糊综合评价

对大庆路交通噪声污染状况进行监测、研究与分析。利用模糊综合评价法对大庆路声环境进行评价。大庆路声环境质量属于三级,已经受到污染。大庆路周边声环境属于轻度吵闹区域,应通过加强交通监管、宣传等各种有效的措施加以改善。     

Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis in removal of pollutant in Taihu Lake, China

Two plant populations of Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis grown in gravel and sediment substrate were studied to assess their capabilities for purifying polluted water in Taihu Lake, China. The substrate displayed most significant effects on the suspended matter (P < 0.01), with the reduction of 76%-87% and 52%-63% for P. australis, and 83%-86% and 45%-62% for T. orientalis in gravel substrate and sediment substrate, respectively. Both species and substrates significantly decreased the N and P conc...     

Ecotoxicological effects of mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

To understand potential ecotoxicological effects of electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) recycling and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) bioaccumulation in loaches, a semi-field experiment using Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) as experimental fish was performed. Larval loaches were kept into net-cage for three months in an e-wastes recycling site and a reference site in Southeastern China. There was significant difference of the survival rate between the loaches from the e-wastes recycling site (27%, 19/70) and from reference site (70%, 49/70). Histopathological responses were also found in all the livers examined in loaches from the e-wastes recycling site. These results showed that mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling led to ecotoxicological effects on loaches. The bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the main pollutants in e-waste, in loaches was also studied in this e-wastes recycling site, the mean concentrations of total PBDEs in sediment was 6726.17 ng/g wet weight and in water samples was 4.08 ng/L (dissolved phase). BDE209 was the dominant congener in sediment and with relatively high concentration in water. Relatively low concentration of BDE209 (less than 0.01% of total PBDEs) and high concentration of BDE47 (up to 39.34% of total PBDEs) were detected in loaches.     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS) was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). The removal rates of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4 +-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.     

浅析秸秆综合利用技术推广的制约因素及对策

秸秆是非常重要的生产资料资源,其综合利用途径十分广泛.但泰州地区的秸秆综合利用技术"起步难"的现象依然存在.在此结合泰州的地域特点及农作物收获的季节特征进行分析,结果显示:当地秸秆综合利用技术难以推广的既有主观因素也有客观原因.根据分析结果,提出了合理化的建议和对策,并特别强调了政府的引导作用.     

浅论新形势下环境监察工作的"三个转变"

近几年,我国环保事业大发展,环境监察的主要工作已由征收排污费为主转变为全方位的现场监督、检查,范围由城市工业污染,扩展到农村和生态环境保护工作.环境监察工作应审时度势、顺应变化、与时俱进,及时充实工作内涵,调整工作思路,实现环境监察工作的"三个转变",即由工业企业环境监管向工业和农业环境监察,由城(镇)环境监管向城市农村一体化监管,由点源环境监管向点面结合环境监管.     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告编写的几点体会

根据多年工作经验,提出了验收报告中常见的监测数据缺乏逻辑性,数据的合理性经不起推敲等问题。认为验收报告编写应注重基础资料的真实性和污染治理效果的真实性。