Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附耦合处理焦化废水生化尾水的研究

研究了Fenton氧化、活性炭吸附、Fenton氧化一活性炭吸附等方法,对焦化废水生化尾水的处理效果,分析了Fenton氧化一活性炭吸附法处理焦化废水生化尾水的工艺条件。结果表明,Fenton氧化与活性炭吸附耦合处理焦化废水生化尾水的最优条件是：H2O2投加量为5mL／L,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为200mg／L,活性炭投加量为2g／L,反应pH=4．0,反应时间为20min。在此条件下,COD去除率可达82．6％,出水水质符合《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978--1996）一级标准。     

混凝-超滤短流程工艺处理北方水库原水简

采用混凝-超滤膜短流程工艺对大伙房水库原水进行处理,考察其除污染性能和膜污染情况,并对该短流程工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,当利用超滤膜直接过滤原水时,膜污染较重,并且对污染物质的去除率较低;而采用混凝-超滤短流程工艺时,膜污染得到一定程度上的缓解;当絮凝剂投加量为7 mg/L、膜清洗周期为30 min时,对浊度、COD_Mn和UV₂₅₄的去除率分别为95.61%、40.42%和37.12%,出水水质能够满足生活饮用水卫生标准。     

鱼类游泳能力研究进展

对鱼类游泳能力及其游泳状态下的生态行为研究,可以为水利水电工程过鱼、拦鱼和诱鱼等设施的设计提供依据,保证其水电工程储能设施能够发挥较大的功能。对鱼类的游泳类型及游泳能力的评价指标进行了总结,介绍了目前国内外鱼类游泳能力及行为的研究方法,并和自行设计的鱼类游泳能力装置进行了比较;从洄游鱼道设计的角度,综述了国外已有的鱼类游泳能力评价模型,主要包括最优游泳速度模型,最大游泳速度模型,跳跃高度模型及游泳耐力模型,可为鱼道设计提供关键参数。最后简述了鱼类游泳能力在鱼道设计的应用及主要的研究趋势,旨在为鱼类游泳能力相关研究及水利水电过鱼设施的设计与建设提供一定基础资料,从而促进我国生态系统的平衡和物种多样化的保护。     

氯氧化锆生产中废碱液的回收利用

建立了以 CaO 为沉淀剂去除废碱液中 SiO2回收 NaOH 的工艺,研究了各工艺因素对siO2去除效果的影响,实验结果表明,CaO 沉淀除去废碱液中 SiO2的最佳工艺条件为:CaO 与废碱液中 SiO2摩尔比 3.0,反应温度80～95℃,反应时间 40～60 min,搅拌转速 200 r/min.在此条件下,S...     

Effects of T-2 toxin on histopathology,fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) muscle

T-2 toxin (T-2), one of the naturally occurring mycotoxins, often accumulates in aquatic animals from contaminated feed. Shrimp (n?=?30 per group) were fed with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5 and 13.5?mg kg^?1) of T-2 for 20?days. Changes in histopathology, fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp muscle were analyzed. Histopathology of shrimp muscle showed dose-dependent marked degenerative and necrotic changes on exposure to dietary T-2. The T-2 significantly (P?<?0.05) affected the muscle fatty acid composition. ∑SFA, ∑MUFA and ∑PUFA initially decreased and then increased slowly in the high-dosed groups. C16:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 were the main saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively. Also, T-2 significantly affected water distribution in shrimp muscle. High doses of T-2 reduced free water content, resulting in a reduction in the water holding capacity and hence changes to the shrimp muscle quality. Collectively, these results illustrated that T-2 significantly affects the fatty acid and water distribution, and also muscle histopathology, all of which would result in a reduction in the quality and nutritional value of shrimp.     

Associations between ambient high temperatures and suicide mortality: a multi-city time-series study in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Suicide prevention has become a public health issue of great concern. Previous studies proved that ambient temperature had an impact on suicide death,...     

A highly resolved temporal and spatial air pollutant emission inventory for the Pearl River Delta region, China and its uncertainty assessment

A highly resolved temporal and spatial Pearl River Delta (PRD) regional emission inventory for the year 2006 was developed with the use of best available domestic emission factors and activity data. The inventory covers major emission sources in the region and a bottom–up approach was adopted to compile the inventory for those sources where possible. The results show that the estimates for SO₂, NO_x, CO, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and VOC emissions in the PRD region for the year 2006 are 711.4 kt, 891.9 kt, 3840.6 kt, 418.4 kt, 204.6 kt, and 1180.1 kt, respectively. About 91.4% of SO₂ emissions were from power plant and industrial sources, and 87.2% of NO_x emissions were from power plant and mobile sources. The industrial, mobile and power plant sources are major contributors to PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 emissions, accounting for 97.7% of the total PM₁₀ and 97.2% of PM_2.5 emissions, respectively. Mobile, biogenic and VOC product-related sources are responsible for 90.5% of the total VOC emissions. The emissions are spatially allocated onto grid cells with a resolution of 3 km × 3 km, showing that anthropogenic air pollutant emissions are mainly distributed over PRD central-southern city cluster areas. The preliminary temporal profiles were established for the power plant, industrial and on-road mobile sources. There is relatively low uncertainty in SO₂ emission estimates with a range of −16% to +21% from power plant sources, medium to high uncertainty for the NO_x emissions, and high uncertainties in the VOC, PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and CO emissions.     

Landfill site selection using spatial information technologies and AHP: A case study in Beijing,China

Site selection is an important and necessary issue for waste management in fast-growing regions. Because of the complexity of waste management systems, the selection of the appropriate solid waste landfill site requires consideration of multiple alternative solutions and evaluation criteria. Based on actual conditions of the study area, we considered economic factors, calculated criteria weights using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and built a hierarchy model for solving the solid waste landfill site-selection problem in Beijing, China. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to manipulate and present spatial data. All maps are graded from 1 (lowest suitability) to 5 (highest suitability) using spatial information technologies. The candidate sites were determined by aggregation based on the criteria weights. The candidate sites are divided by ‘best’, ‘good’ and ‘unsuitable’ landfill areas. Best landfill areas represent optimal sites; good landfill areas can be used as back-up candidate sites. Our work offers a siting methodology and provides essential support for decision-makers in the assessment of waste management problems in Beijing and other rapidly developing cities in developing countries.     

土地利用动态变化对地表径流的影响——以上海浦东新区为例

结合基于遥感数据获得的土地利用结果与SCS模型,在GIS环境下模拟了上海浦东新区不同阶段的土地利用/覆被变化对地表径流的影响.结果表明:土地利用结构与格局的变化使地表径流深度趋于增大;同时,在浦东新区城市化的不同时期,由土地利用/覆被变化引起的地表平均径流深度变化也不相同.     

Ru/γ-Al_2O_3和Ru/AC催化剂的制备及其对氨氧化反应的催化性能

分别以γ-Al_2O_3和活性炭(AC)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ru质量分数均为2.0%的Ru/γ-Al_2O_3和Ru/AC催化剂,并用X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜等方法对催化剂结构进行了表征.实验结果表明:Ru/AC中Ru沉积在AC表面,分散度较低;而Ru/γ-Al_2O_3中Ru进入到γ-Al_2O_3内部,形成了一种高度分散体系.Ru/γ-Al_2O_3对氨的催化活性高于Ru/AC,氨在Ru/γ-Al_2O_3和Ru/AC上的起活温度分别为200 ℃和266 ℃,T_(90)(氨去除率达90%时的反应温度)分别为267℃和320 ℃.随混合气体空速增大,Ru/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的T_(90)逐渐升高,气体空速分别为3 600,4 800,5 400 h~(-1)时,T_(90)分别为235,266,303 ℃.随反应前混合气体中氨质量分数增加,氨的去除率降低.